Seth or Sheth (1Chronicles 1:1 KJV) is the third son of Adam and Eve named in the Bible.
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He was born when Adam was a hundred and thirty years old. It is said that Seth was born to replace Abel, who Cain slew (Genesis 4:25 KJV).
In Hebrew, Seth is equated to “set” or appointed. Since Cain killed Abel, God gave Adam a third son whose descendants would bring the Lord’s name (Genesis 4:26 KJV).
Seth, Father of Enos
Seth was one hundred and five years old when he begat Enos in his own likeness and after his image (Genesis 5:3 KJVT). After Enos, Seth also begat other sons and daughters, and lived for nine hundred and twelve years (Genesis 5:7-9 KJV).
Seth lived a total of nine hundred and twelve years before he finally rested (Genesis 5:6-7 KJV)
Abel, a keeper of sheep, is the second son of Adam and Eve (Genesis4:2 KJV). The name Abel is believed to mean “breath”. This could have been because of Abel’s shortness of life since he was killed by his brother, Cain (Genesis 4:8 KJV).
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Cain and Abel are both sons of Adam and Eve. Though they are brothers, they are not the same. Abel is a keeper of sheep while Cain is a tiller of the ground.
Cain killing Abel
The time came that they each brought offerings to the Lord. Cain brought fruits from the soil and offered them to God, while Abel offered selected fat firstlings of sheep. God respected Abel’s offering but not Cain’s and this angered Cain. Cain’s countenance fell. Eventually he slew his own brother, Abel. (Genesis 4:1-8 KJV)
The Bible does not give the age of Adam when Abel was born so he is placed on the Biblical Timeline chart between the creation of Adam (4004 BC) and the birth of Seth (3874 BC).
Cain is the eldest son of Adam and Eve (Genesis 4:1 KJV)1. It is said that God gave Adam a son – Cain, In Hebrew, the name Cain means “something that is produced” or “spear”.
Cain Commits Crime because of Jealousy
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Time came when Cain and Abel presented their offerings before the Lord. Cain offered fruits from the ground, while Abel offered selected fat firstlings from his sheep. The Lord God respected Abel’s offering but did not accept Cain’s. This made Cain’s countenance fall and his jealousy grew as time passed. One day, Cain invited Abel over to his field and slew him there thinking that his crime would be concealed (Genesis 4:3-8 KJV).3
Due to his actions, Cain was banished and fled to the land of Nod, east of Eden. Though he was cast out from the land where he shed his brother’s blood, God’s mercy was still with Cain. God gave Cain a mark for protection saying that who ever slays him, vengeance will be sevenfold (Genesis 4:9-16 KJV).4
Cain, father of Enoch
It is written that Cain had a wife and begat Enoch. He then built a city naming it after his son, Enoch. Enoch begat Irad; who begat Mehujael; who begat Methusael; Lamech (Genesis 4:17 KJV) The Bible does not explicitly state when Cain was born so he is placed on the Biblical Timeline Chart between the creation of Adam (4004 BC) and the birth of Seth (3874 BC)
Eve or Havva is a Hebrew word for “mother of living”. This will be clearly seen in Genesis 3:20 KJV, where Adam named his wife Eve. After they had eaten of the fruit and were being cast out of the garden, because she is to be the mother of all living. She is placed on the Biblical timeline next to Adam.
Eve was created by God from Adam’s rib (Genesis 2:21-22 KJV). Thus, Adam called the new creation a “woman” since she was taken from a man.
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The 3rd chapter of Genesis tells us the story of how the serpent tempted Eve to eat the fruit from the forbidden tree. Eve found the fruit good and shared this with Adam. This action was the first disobedience recorded in the Bible. (Genesis 3:1-24 KJV)
Eve, The First Wife and Mother
After disobeying God, Adam and Eve were cast out from the garden of Eden. Adam and Eve bear children – Cain, Abel, and Seth. (Genesis 4:1-26)
The name Adam is considered to be a generic term for “man” and for red soil. The name was first mentioned in Genesis 2:19 KJV. However, the Bible already mentioned God creating “man” (Genesis 1:26 KJV ) “And God said , Let us make man in our image, after our likeness…”, and God forming a man on (Genesis 2:7 KJV), “And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground…”.
Throughout Genesis 2-3, Adam was often referred as “man”; (Genesis 2:22 ) “And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man”, (Genesis 3:12 KJV) “And the man said, The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat”, (Genesis 3:24 KJV) “So He drove out the man; and He placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life”.
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Adam is the first man created by God Himself. (Genesis 1:26 KJV) And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness…” The Lord molded a man from the dust and gave him the breath of life, thus he became a living body with a soul (Genesis 2:7 KJV ). God then placed “man” in the Garden of Eden wherein he was commissioned to name and post authority to all living creatures. As for the Biblical timeline, this marks the beginning of mankind at 4004 BC according to Bishop Ussher’s chronology found in the King James Bible.
Adam, the First Husband
Adam needed help to rule over the creations as the Lord commissioned him, and God noticed that. In Genesis 2:21-23, God placed Adam into a deep sleep, took a rib from the “man’s” body, and from it, God created woman.
In Genesis chapter 3, after sinner before God – when the woman was tempted by the serpent to eat from the forbidden fruit, “Adam called his wife’s name Eve; because she was the mother of all living” (Genesis 3:20 KJV). After the incident, God drove Adam and Eve out from the Garden of Eden.
A painting of Adam
Adam, the First Biological Father
In Genesis chapter 4, Eve gave birth to Cain, Abel and Seth. Thus, making Adam the first biological father in the Bible. Adam and Eve only had two sons at the beginning – Cain and Abel, a tiller of the ground and a keeper of the sheep respectively. Due to jealousy, Cain slew Abel and was cast out.
Adam was one hundred and thirty years old when he had Eve conceive Seth. Seth was born to replace Abel, who Cain slew. (Genesis 4:25-26 KJV) “And to Seth, to him also there was born a son; and he called his name Enos: then began men to call upon the name of the LORD”
Death of Adam
Adam was nine hundred and thirty years old when he finally rested (Genesis 5:3-4 KJV). He lived to see Lamech father of Noah and the 8th generation of his descendants born.
Usshers chronology places the date of Exodus in April of 1491 BC. His dates were published in the King James Authorized Bible as early as 1701 AD and are the ones used on the Bible History Timeline above.
Thiele, a modern Biblical chronologist, calculates it to 1446 BC – a date often used by modern Evangelicals.
Josephus relates it to the expulsion of the Hyskos from Egypt circa 1552 BC
The Septuagint, on which the Catholic Bible is based, makes it 1512 BC
That gives a hundred year range of dates. That’s not bad when you consider how hard it is to date ancient history. For instance Egyptologists suggest a 2300 year range of dates (from 2450 BC to 5004 BC) when trying to date the first Egyptian King, Menes.
The original inspired Bible text does not include dates – these have been added by man- although it does include the number of years between events. However, not all events are linked so that dates have to be calculated using historical events mentioned in the Bible that have secular dates associated with them. How the dates of Bible events are calculated is another question.
The Old Testament books of the Bible contain many prophecies that speak of the coming Messiah or savior of the world. Originally the Old Testament books were written for the Hebrew or Jewish people. They claimed that a Messiah would be born who would ultimately come into the world and save the Jewish people from their enemies while establishing a new era of greatness for the Jewish people.
At the time of Jesus’ birth, Judea was under the control of Rome and many people expected the Messiah to return to liberate them from their tyranny. There are some key Old Testament prophecies such Genesis and Isaiah. In Genesis, God says that the serpent will bruise the heel of a child and that the child would crush his head. The prophet Isaiah states “for unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given.” These are primary examples of the many Old Testament prophecies that foreshadowed the coming of Christ.
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At the beginning of the New Testament Books Matthew and Luke, there is a series of genealogies that outline the family line of Jesus. The genealogy lists show that Jesus‘ parents Joseph and Mary were descendants of Abraham and Adam and that he had a legitimate claim to the throne of Israel. The list also shows that he has a spiritual and legal claim as well. Jesus was able to lay claim to the throne of David by the adoption of Joseph as a son.
God had cursed a former Jewish king named Jeconiah and told him that none of his descendants would ever sit on the throne of Israel again but he also told King David that his royal line would forever rule on the throne of Israel. God remedied this problem through Christ. Jesus was not the biological son of Joseph which would mean that he would gain his legal right to the throne by being adopted and when he was adopted he could then legally claim to be king.
Romans states that for by one man sin has entered into the world but all are made righteous through Christ. The genealogies also point out how Christ birth has ushered in a new era of salvation that would break the power of sin. The hereditary lists also point out that Jesus was the expected Messiah.
The Virgin Birth An angel appears to a virgin woman named Mary who was engaged to married to a man named Joseph. The angel tells Mary that she was going to have a son that was to be born from the Holy Spirit. Her son would be the chosen Messiah of the world. Mary has a hard time accepting this message and she eventually finds out that cousin Elizabeth has a son named John who was also born under supernatural circumstances. After her visit with Elizabeth, she is convinced about what the angel is saying and returns home. Joseph was going to cancel his engagement to her, but an angel appeared to him and told him to follow through the wedding. Joseph listened to the angel and Christ became his legal son.
The Magi Journeying
Herod and the Magi
King Herod was in charge of Jerusalem at the time of Jesus’ birth. He had close ties to Rome and as long as he paid tribute to the empire they allowed him to govern as he pleased. Rome had also sent a governor to Judea at the time to ensure that the people would constantly be reminded of their presence.
During the reign of King Herod, there were Magi who came from the east after seeing the Star of David appear in the sky over Jerusalem. These men were ancient astronomers who knew of the ancient Jewish prophecies of the coming Messiah. After seeing the star, they gathered gifts and traveled to Jerusalem.
When they arrived they visited King Herod before finding Jesus. They told Herod that the Messiah would be born and that he was going to be a king. Herod pretended to like their good news, but he really wanted to know where the child was located so he could kill it. The Wise Men said that they would return, but they were warned by an angel not to go back to the palace of Herod. After they found Christ in Bethlehem they presented Joseph, Mary and the baby Jesus with the gifts.
The Slaughtering of the Innocents
Herod was outraged that the Wise Men had left the country without telling him where the child was located. So he decided to kill all of the male children that were 2 years old and younger. Many historians claim that there was not any historical record to validate this act, but no one can prove with clarity that this act did not happen. Joseph was warned by an angel to take Jesus and Mary to Egypt and hide out there until King Herod had passed away.
After the king had died, Joseph and his family returned how to Jerusalem. These facts about Jesus’ birth are very fascinating and the early days of Christ’s life is an epic tale full of drama and adventure. Jesus’ impact on the world is so significant because each generation that is born into the world has to decide if he is the savior of all people or just a madman who made some pretty far-fetched claims during his lifetime.
Biblical References:
Genesis 3:15 God foretells the prophecy about Christ and how he is going to defeat the serpent (the Devil).
Isaiah 9:6 Isaiah prophesies about the birth of Jesus and his ministry in the world.
Matthew 1: 1 – 16 The genealogy of Christ from Mary’s side of the family.
Luke 3: 23 – 38 The genealogy of Christ from Joseph’s side of the family.
Luke 1: 39 – 45 Mary visits her cousin Elizabeth and her supernatural birth of Jesus is confirmed.
Matthew 1: 18 – 25 The Virgin Birth
Matthew 2: 1 – 12 The Magi and Jesus Christ
Matthew 2: 13 – 23 Joseph takes Mary and Jesus to Egypt after being warned by an angel to go there in order to avoid the slaughter of children enacted by King Herod.
Starting in the 7th century B.C. the Jewish people had been placed under various foreign powers. Their subservient state would last for nearly 500 years up until the time of the Maccabee Revolt. This revolt started around 167 B.C. when a Greek Seleucid king named Antiochus III decided to disregard the Jews way of life and try to Hellenize its culture and religion.
It appears on the Bible Timeline during the second century BC. Antiochus IV was a Seleucid ruler who gained the throne in 175 BC. Shortly after he became the new king of the Seleucid Empire, he began to pass a series of anti-Jewish laws through a Jewish high priest and the governor named Jason, who bribed the king to gain this position.
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Jason had a brother named Onias III who was going to remain the high priest of Judah. Jewish people believe that the high priest was selected directly from God and not from any Earthly powers. So when Jason became the high priest, this naturally caused the people of Judah to become outraged with the Seleucid Dynasty.
After Jason took over his duties as high priest and governor he had his brother Osias III murdered. Now that Jason was the high priest and governor, Antiochus III decided to use him in his quest to convert Judah into a Hellenized territory. He wanted to make the city of Jerusalem the capital of this newly formed Greek state.
He then began to initiate a series of changes that attacked the Jews way of life and their religion. Jason had Hellenized Solomon’s Temple so the people would now have to worship Greek gods, and they would have to adhere to Greek culture. There was a priest who worked at Solomon’s Temple during these events, and his named was Matthias. The Jewish priests were being replaced by Hellenistic Jewish priest and the new clergy was leading the people of Judah into idolatry.
They were trying to get the people to worship the Greek gods by offering sacrifices to them. One day a Greek official told Matthias to make a sacrifice to one of the Greek gods in the temple, but Matthias had enough of this desecration, and he killed him. Once this happened it set off a chain of events that would start a Jewish revolt. Matthias had 5 sons and they all helped their father to start a revolt against the King Antiochus III. Matthias had to flee to the wilderness (open desert) to avoid arrest and when he did he called upon the people to follow him.
The people responded, and he had a small army. The Jewish rebels realized that they couldn’t take on the Greek army in open battle so they decided to use a small force that would fight with guerilla tactics. The Maccabeus army defeated various Seleucid forces that included Assyrians, Parthian, and the Samarians. Judas Maccabeus had won a huge victory against the Seleucid army and forced them to retreat from Judah at the Battle of Emmaus. The Seleucid army tried once again to defeat Judah, but they were routed each time that they came back to the area.
The Jews finally forced the Seleucids to leave permanently Judah alone in 164 B.C. Now that Judah had gained its independence from foreign rulers they cleansed their temple of the idols, and they made Judas their leader. Originally the Maccabees were known as the Hasmoneans, and they earned the name Maccabees because of their style of fighting. They attacked their enemies with powerful battle tactics that beat their enemies with lightning fast maneuvers and powerful force.
The Maccabees also stopped helped a lot of the Jewish persecution that was happening at the time in foreign lands. Judas was a high leader in Judah until 160 B.C. when he died in battle against the Assyrians. By 130 B.C., the Jews had regained their independence, and they established the Hasmonean Dynasty that was the first group of Jewish kings to rule their own land since the exile had taken place. The Hasmonean rulers controlled Judea with Simon Maccabeus being the first king. These Jewish people held their independence for about 103 before they were brought under Roman power. The Jewish holiday known as Hannukah is celebrated by the people in memory of this event.
King Lucius Tarquinius Superbus murdered his father at the request of his wife, Tullia. His reign began in 535 B.C that is where he appears on the Bible Timeline with World History. King Superbus was a man who possessed an angry disposition and spirit, and he was also filled with insolence and arrogance. This is one of the major reasons why he was dubbed Tarquinius the Proud.
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King Superbus was the son of Rome’s sixth King Servius Tullius and he also had a brother named Aruns. King Servius Tullius had two daughters that he named Tullia. The younger of the two daughters was a mean spirited female who despised Aruns her marriage to Aruns. He wasn’t considered strong enough for her, so she was drawn to Superbus, who was a lot more ruthless. Superbus was married to Tullia’s older sister who was also a good hearted woman. Superbus didn’t like her and desired the younger Tullia and both of them schemed to kill their siblings and then to kill their father the king.
Once Tarquinius took the throne, he quickly eliminated any senators who sympathized with his father. After he slaughtered the Senators, he then dismissed the remaining Senate members and made decisions without them. He purposely stripped them of their power so he could do whatever he pleased. He then trumped up false charges so he could kill off a Latin political leader who had enough foresight to see that King Superbus wasn’t going to be a good ruler.
Tarquinius the Proud then married off his daughter to secure foreign power over the Latin tribes. He schemed and began to subdue more of the surrounding tribes outside of Rome including the people of Sabine. He continued Rome’s peace treaty with the Etruscans, and he also established Roman colonies. He erected the Temple of Jupiter on Capitoline Hill. Throughout the rest of his reign, he connived and tricked many people while forcing others to do his will.
King Superbus also had a son named Sextus Tarquinius who raped an incredibly beautiful woman named Lucretia from the land of Collatia. King Superbus wanted to take this territory and had sent his son Sextus to lead the expedition. Sextus had snuck into Lucretia’s chambers and forced himself on her. Lucretia committed suicide, and her father was outraged. Other leading members of Roman society and the Collatia also joined her father in rebelling against the king. Tarquinius the Proud and his family were eventually exiled from Rome. After his demise, this led to the forming of the Republic of Rome which was now led by the consuls Brutus and Collantinus.
Tarquinius, the Proud’s reign, was significant because it marked the beginning of a new Roman era. The people of Rome realized that a sole king would not be needed anymore to rule the land. When his reign was over the face of Rome was changing into a forceful, dominant empire that would eventually rise and dominate most of the known world at the time. Tarquinius tried to regain power through military might and negotiations, but it was no use the people never allowed him back on the throne. He eventually died in exile in 496 B.C., and he ruled Rome for 26 years from 535 B.C. to 509 B.C.
Tullus Hostilius was a Sabine, who became ruler of Rome. His grandfather Hostus Hostilius, who fought against the Sabine’s for Rome’s first king, Romulus. The Roman’s had taken the Sabine women from their husbands and fathers, and this caused a war between the two tribes. The war ended when the women told the men that they preferred the Roman’s over the Sabines.
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Rome then tried to live in peace with the men of Sabine by allowing them to participate in Roman society. Tillus Hostilius spent most of his time in warfare. He appears on the Biblical Timeline beginning around 673 BC. King Tullus began his reign in 673 B.C.
While he was in power, he attacked the ancient Roman city of Alba Longa which was home to the first Etruscan king before Rome was founded. Tullus defeated this city and welcomed the people of Alba Longa into Rome. After he had tried to treat the Albans with peace, their leader betrayed him, and he had him killed. He continued to make war against many other Italian tribes such as the Fidenae, Veientines, and the Sabines.
Tullus Hostilius didn’t pay too much attention to his civic or religious responsibilities. War was his primary focus. He mainly fought against other tribes and began to establish Rome as a powerful force to be reckoned with. Through his efforts, he absorbed many tribes around Rome and forced some of them to pay tribute. He used the defeated nobles and people of Alba Longa to increase and strengthen his military forces. His cavalry units were made up of Alban horsemen, and Alban soldiers filled the ranks of his army.
Tullus Hostilius might have been a great warrior-king, but he wasn’t a good administrator. Even though this was the case, he still placed some of the defeated nobles from Alba Longa as members of the Senate. He also built them their own council hall called Curia Hostilia. Also, it was King Tullus’ duty to lead the empire in religious service but he didn’t care for the ceremony. Eventually, he had to give in to this particular requirement when pestilence had struck Rome and affected his royal house. He then decided to honor the gods by performing his priestly duty, but he didn’t perform the ceremony in the right way. As a result, he was struck by lightening and killed.
Most of what is known about Tullus Hostilius comes from a Roman historian named Titus Livius Patavinus. He was also known as Livy. Most of the events that he ascribes to Tullus’ reign were considered true by many historians. But they also state that some parts of Livy’s explanation of King Tullus’ reign were fictional or more of a myth. Scholars do not doubt that King Hostilius expanded the boundaries of Rome, but they are not quite sure he died from lightning strikes from some angry god. Once again fact and fiction might have been mixed over the years when Livy wrote about King Tullus. Livy was born 600 years after Tullus Hostilius so some of his work could have been interwoven with fictional accounts of this ancient Roman king.
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