The apostlePaul went through many hardships in his life as he labored to bring more souls to Christ. Through all this he recorded many events and challenges. Including several ship wrecks. There were three accounted for within his writings (2 Corinthians 11:25). However, there was a fourth one mentioned towards the very end of Paul’s life in Acts 27.
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The incident occurred on his way towards Rome as a prisoner. Paul had advised against such a voyage it being a bad time of year to travel. Deliberately ignoring his warning, they set sail anyways. As they went, a storm came and damaged the boat (Acts 27:15-16). After many days and several failed attempts to reach safety or get rescued the men began to lose hope. Paul then stood and said, “Sirs, ye should have hearkened unto me, and not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss. – And now I exhort you to be of good cheer: for there shall be no loss of any man’s life among you, but of the ship.”
Indeed the ship did wreck on an island and the men reached shore alive and unharmed. The captors were then advised to slay the prisoners lest they try to escape and swim away. However they were spared because of Paul’s advice and council in saving them all.
Summary: The Bible only mentions the deaths of two apostles, James who was put to death by Herod Agrippa I in 44 AD and Judas Iscariot who committed suicide shortly after the death of Christ. The details of the deaths of three of the apostles (John, the Beloved, Bartholomew and Simon the Canaanite) are not known at all, either by tradition or early historians. The deaths of the other seven apostles are known by tradition or the writings of early Christian historians. According to traditions and the Bible, eight of the Apostles died as Martyrs. At least two of the Apostles, Peter and Andrew were crucified.
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Simon Called Peter by Christ died 33-34 years after the death of Christ. According to Smith’s Bible Dictionary there is “satisfactory evidence that he and Paul were the founders of the church at Rome, and died in that city. The time and manner of the apostle’s martyrdom are less certain. According to the early writers, he died at or about the same time with Paul, and in the Neronian persecution, A.D. 67,68. All agree that he was crucified. Origen says that Peter felt himself to be unworthy to be put to death in the same manner as his Master, and was therefore, at his own request, crucified with his head downward.”
‘Caravaggio’s depiction of the crucifixion of Apostle Peter.
James the son of Zebedee: He was put to death by Herod Agrippa I shortly before the day of the Passover, in the year 44 or about 11 years after the death of Christ. From Acts 12: 1-2.
John: No death date given by early writers. Death date is by conjecture only and is variously assigned as being between 89 AD to 120 AD
Andrew: His date of death and crucifixion is thought to be around 60 AD. A variety of traditions say he preached in Scythia, in Greece, in Asia Minor and Thrace. He is reported to have been crucified at Patrae in Achaia.
Philip: Again, the Bible does not say when he died nor do we have accurate information. According to tradition he preached in Phrygia, and died at Hierapolis. Update: FoxNews July 27, 2011 Tomb of the Apostle Phillip is found in Hierapolis.
Bartholomew: There is no information concerning his death, not even by tradition
Matthew: He must have lived many years as an apostle, since he was the author of the Gospel of Matthew which was written at least twenty years after the death of Christ. There is reason to believe that he stayed for fifteen years at Jerusalem, after which he went as missionary to the Persians, Parthians and Medes. There is a legend that he died a martyr in Ethiopia.
Thomas: The earlier traditions, as believed in the fourth century, say he preached in Parthia or Persia, and was finally buried at Edessa. The later traditions carry him farther east. His martyrdom whether in Persia or India, is said to have been by a lance, and is commemorated by the Latin Church on December 21 the Greek Church on October 6, and by the Native Americans on July 1.
James Alpheus : We know he lived at least five years after the death of Christ because of mentions in the Bible. According to tradition, James son of Alpheus was thrown down from the temple by the scribes and Pharisees; he was then stoned, and his brains dashed out with a fuller’s club.
Simon the Canaanite – No information either in the Bible or by tradition.
Jude (Thaddeus): according to tradition Jude taught in Armenia, Syria and Persia where he was martyred. Tradition tells us he was buried in Kara Kalisa in what is now Iran.
Judas Iscariot: Shortly after the death of Christ Judas killed himself. According to the Bible he hanged himself, (Matthew 27:5) at Aceldama, on the southern slope of the valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, and in the act he fell down a precipice and was dashed into pieces.
The exact interpretation of the vision of the four chariots is not exactly known. There are a few who say that they represent the four monarchies. Other still suggest that it also refers to the four winds (verse 5). This is referenced from Dan. 7:2 when in a vision Daniel viewed four winds from the heaven ‘striving upon the great sea’ that is also thought to correspond with the four monarchies. It is considered that the Babylonian monarchy is symbolized by the chariot with red horses (which is why it was not written of afterwards since that monarchy died out).
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Daniel viewed four winds from the heaven ‘striving upon the great sea.’
The second chariot (the black horses) represents the Persian monarchy that went out northward against the Babylonians. This ‘quieted God‘s Spirit in the north country’ after his judgments came down towards the people of Babylon, and the Jews received their freedom.
The Grecians were the white horses who went after those in the north to take over the Persians. In the fourth chariot were the ‘grisled and bay horses’ of the Romans who took over the Grecian monarchy that went ‘forth towards the south county’ towards Egypt. This was the last branch of the Grecians that was taken by the Romans. The bay horses that had been with the ‘grisled’ afterwards went off by themselves (the bay horses being the Goths and Vandals).
The most common story told about Christmas starts around 2000 years in the past on December 25th. Mary, on a donkey, travels to Bethlehem with Joseph and upon arriving desperately needs to find a place to have her baby. Unfortunately, all of the inns are full and send them away; eventually they are offered a lowly stable as shelter. Angels then sing to the shepherds and 3 kings on camels come to worship the new baby.
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Believe it or not, this version is very different from the real story recorded in the Bible. Time and re-telling of the story so frequently in various forms like: plays, poetry, books or movies has changed many things.
-Did a donkey carry Mary to Bethlehem? It is possible, but that is not the only way to travel, and the Bible doesn’t specify how she got there. It simply states that she traveled with Joseph.
-Was Mary in labor upon first arriving in Bethlehem? Again the Bible does not say. It is possible that they were there weeks before. “While they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered” (Luke 2:6). It is more plausible that they were there in plenty of time for her to deliver and avoid more difficulty. – Were Joseph and Mary asking innkeepers for shelter? It is possible, but there is also no suggestion or plausible explanation to imply that they did. There is no innkeeper specifically recorded in the Bible during the Birth of Christ. It is more probable that they roomed inside a house with family or friends rather than a stable; which leads to the next question: -Did Mary have Jesus in a stable, barn, or cave? The Bible doesn’t state anything about those either. Only mentioning a manger, ‘They laid Jesus in a manger because there was no room for him in the guest room’. ‘Kataluma’ in the scriptures is Greek and can translate into ‘guest chamber or lodging place’. Or it could mean ‘a furnished, large, upper story room within a private house.’ (Mark 14:14-15). From biblical archeological studies, experts believe that Jesus was most likely delivered in the home of a family but ‘under’ the main living and guest rooms. -The accuracy of the song: “Away in a Manger” – ‘the baby awakes, but little Lord Jesus, no crying he makes’. The Bible does not say wether or not Jesus cried – there is no way to tell if that is true.
-Were angels there when Christ was born? This makes sense to think that there were, but the Bible does not say, and there is no recording that they were seen by Mary or Joseph during that period.
–Three Kings on Camels giving gifts at the birth of Christ. The scriptures do not mention kings or camels visiting Jesus. There is nothing to imply that they were kings. It does mention ‘wise men (magi)’ visiting but does not say how many. The word ‘magi’ in the scriptures does mean more than one so there could have been anything from 2 or many more. The number three comes from the three gifts that they presented to Christ which were: gold, frankincense and myrrh. There is also no record of where the wise man came from or what country.
Another thing to think about is that these ‘magi’ did not visit when Christ was in the manger. They came much later, after Christ’s visit to the Temple in Jerusalem. (Luke 2:21-22) It is during this moment that Jesus is referred to as a ‘child’ instead of a ‘baby’. It is likely that Jesus was over 2 years old at that time. (Mathew 2:16).
-Christ’s Birthday is December 25th. Even though this is possible, it is not probable. The scriptures do not say a time of year but the issue with winter is that it would be strange for shepherds to be ‘abiding in the field’ during December when taking the sheep out would be pointless. This would also be a very hard time for Mary to go the many miles it took to get from Nazareth to Bethlehem (70).
It is more likely that it was the end of September during the yearly ‘Feast of Tabernacles’ during which journeying was more common. It is possible that Christmas was set as an ‘honored observation of the incarnation of the ‘Word made flesh’’(John 1:14).
It is likely that the angel foremost in the ‘heavenly host singing praises’ was Michael the archangel. The early churches recognized this as Michaelmas (‘Michale sent’) – September 29 which would be on the same day as the Feast of Tabernacles. Then it makes sense that Christ was born around that time or even in late December. So it is possible that Christmas (‘Christ sent’) is the actual day of his birth. This is also the darkest period of the year – the pagan ‘Satumalia’ and when the sun (the literal ‘light of the world’) is at its farthest point from the ‘Holy Land’. This would be an opportune time for Heavenly Father to bring forth the ‘spiritual light of the world’ as the ‘Savior, which is Christ the Lord’ (Luke 2:11).
-What causes Christians to have Christmas on December 25th if that is not Christ’s Birth? This date was picked by the Roman Catholic Church. Rome ruled the majority of the Christian community for years causing that particular date to be a custom for the majority of Christians.
The frequent inaccuracies about the celebration of Christ’s birthday show a constant need for individuals to compare every spoken word with the Bible in keeping beliefs centered on truth.
The phrase ‘happy’ in the English language is often thought of as “Fortunate or lucky…. cheerful…contented…characterized by or indicative of pleasure….” (Random House College Dictionary). The way ‘happy’ is portrayed in the Bible is much more meaningful. As an example, the Bible doesn’t just present happiness to be an event or occurrence that result from ‘luck’ or a brief feeling of elation. The Bible states that happiness can be there despite experiencing a correction from God or enduring hardships while on the path to virtue. (Job 5:17; I Pet. 3:14, 4:14)
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The word ‘blessed’ that was used by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount is derived from the Greek word ‘makarios’ which translates into ‘happy’ or ‘blissful’. There are around 5 Hebrew and 2 Greek words that are interpreted as happy in the Bible. One Hebrew phrase is ‘to be at rest, safe’ (Matt 11:28-30). There are scholars that promote the concept of using the word ‘blessed’ in place of ‘happy’. An evaluation would be John 13:17 Inside King James and American Standard versions; King James states ‘If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them.” American Standard translates ‘makarior’ into: ‘If ye know these things, blessed are ye if ye do them.’
A blessing is considered by the Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary as ‘the act or words of one that blesses,’ or ‘a thing conducive to happiness or welfare.’ Inside the scriptures, there are many phrases that are interpreted into ‘blessing’ or ‘bless’. The Hebrew version has commonly portrayed ‘bless’ as ‘barak’, which can also stand for ‘praise, congratulate, or salute’. The word blessing was noted in Genesis 1:22: “And God blessed them, saying, ‘Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters and the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth.’” Following that in verse 28: “And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.” After God had sent Abram to the Promised Land (Genesis 12: 1-3), ‘he promised to bless him, make his name great, and through him, to bless all families of the earth’. The word blessing shown in these scriptures are clearly linked with happiness and welfare. Genesis 22: 16-18, God adds another blessing unto Abram saying that it was bestowed upon him by his willingness to follow God’s instruction.
There is another Hebrew word for blessing called isesher that is interpreted to be ‘happiness’. (Job 5:17) “Blessed is the man whom God corrects; so do not despise the discipline of the Almighty.” This blessing is linked to the fact that God is working to show us the right way.
The book of Hebrews is thought of as more elaborate and refined than all of the books in the New Testament. This section of the bible has been titled as a ‘masterpiece’ and immensely complex. From the first records of the Christian church, its origins and who wrote it have been contemplated. It is thought that at one point the author had been recognized and revered by its audience. However that knowledge is lost and is now thought of as unattainable. There is in fact, so much information unknown concerning Hebrews that not only is the writer in question but the date it was made, and even the name, “To [the] Hebrews” is debated as the original title.
Traditional thinking states that Paul is the writer for the Book of Hebrews, and up till the 1800s, the question was satisfied. Even though there is a high number of Christians (scholars and common folk alike) today who still stand for the statement, the question has once again come to surface with doubts. Below is the thinking from both sides of the matter:
Paul wrote the Book of Hebrews
13th Chapter of Hebrews mentions Timothy as a missionary partner with Paul (Jesus had sent disciples to go in groups of two)
13th Chapter also says the words were from ‘Italy’ – this matches Paul’s location
The different ways of writing is to focus attention to a different people
The King James Bible clearly states Paul as the author
The author was a Jew, so was Paul
Paul didn’t want to include his name in the book of Hebrews since his relation with the Gentiles making him unpopular with his native people.
Paul did not write the Book of Hebrews
The ‘style’ of writing, the theological view, and religious memories are different.
The author was probably a student or a friend of Paul’s from the different way of writing
The author was probably a leader of a largely Jewish society for which they were writing
The author had to have been Priscilla, and the name was taken out to conceal its female origins or to prevent the writing from being suppressed. “The lack of any firm data concerning the identity of the author in the extant writings of the church suggests a deliberate blackout more than a case of collective loss of memory.” Gilbert Bilezikian
No salutation – Paul always has some form of ‘salutation’, it would only be logical to say that the anonymous writing was not his.
Although Paul was an educated writer, he had personally declared that he did not write with a superior air of which Hebrews is written.
Paul often branched out from one subject to another whereas Hebrews stays on one concept from beginning to end.
Paul used personal pronouns such as “I”, “me”, “my”, and “mine” more than a hundred times per section. Hebrews only does that 7 times in the whole book.
Once again archaeologists and Biblical scholars are questioning a find that was originally accepted as correct.
In 2007 a well known and respected Herodium archaeologist, Efram Netzer, declared Herods tomb had been found based on the writings of the historian Josephus and additional evidence.
Both articles are filled with the methods archaeologist/historians use to determine and validate their finds. For example according to the Smithsonian article of August 2009 ” The high quality of the craftsmanship suggested the sarcophagus was fit for a king. Plus, the extent of the fragmentation suggested that people had deliberately smashed it—a plausible outcome for the hated monarch’s resting place. Based on coins and other items found nearby, Netzer surmises that the desecration occurred during the first Jewish revolt against the Romans, from A.D. 66 to 73. (As Kasher notes in his biography, “Herod the Great” was, for the Jews, an ironic title, designating an arrogant monarch who scorned the religious laws of his own people.)”
So has Herod’s tomb been found? The search continues either to confirm this is the tomb or to find another.
References:
Photo of Herod’s Tomb from wikicommons from photographer Deror avi
Archaeological evidence shows that at least 50 people in the Bible are confirmed by inscriptions found by archaeologists. Many of these people are found on the Bible Timeline
Photo of engraved hieroglypics in public domain from French Wiki article, needed for translation of article.
Source: fr:Image:Egypt Hieroglyphe4.jpg Afbeelding van hiërogliefen, afkomstig van gebruiker w:fr:Utilisateur:Aoineko en geplaatst onder de GNU Vrije Documentatie Licentie door deze.
The Authorized King James Bible is organized in the following way:
The Old Testament
Histories and the Law (Genesis through Esther)
Wisdom (Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes)
Prophecies (Isaiah to Malachi)
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‘The Last Supper, a late 1490s mural painting by Leonardo da Vinci.’
The New Testament
Histories (the four Gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke, John and Acts of the Apostles)
Wisdom or Doctrine (the letters concerning doctrine starting with Paul followed by Jude, Peter, and John. These are organized by length, longest to shortest, rather than in order written)
Prophecies (Revelation of John)
Your study and teaching have more meaning when you see how it all fits into God’s plan for man on earth.
That’s where teaching principles along with a Bible timeline adds power and excitement to your teaching. A Biblical timeline chart with World history is even more useful. You see His hand directing all of the world events and the Bible set against that background. Let’s start with first things first.
Here are the five tips. Study or teach
The Biblical Principles
The Order
The Overlap
The World
The Why
The Principles: Most of us know the stories included in the Bible are there to teach us principles. Unfortunately we often just grab a story when we need to teach or learn a principle and just go for it. But that leaves a lot of questions. When did Ruth live compared to Esther? Or how about Daniel and Solomon? Who was first? Some of us don’t know, even after years of Bible study classes. When we know the order of events in God’s overarching plan the principles gain greater meaning.
The Order: The order and the timing of people and events. Most people have no idea how much time passed between Adam and Noah or between Noah and Abraham. Using a timeline makes it visual. You can literally see the passage of time; long, short or in between. The long, slow building of a strong foundation for 2500 years from Adam to Moses, a short 500 years from Moses to Solomon as the Israelites are prepared and taught and then 1000 years of ripening before Christ at last comes. Now the 2000 years of the Christian doctrine being spread through out the world from that small center in Israel is seen in a much larger context of God’s overall plan and timing.
The overlap: What can we get from that? When we see mapped out in front of us that Enos, Adam’s grandson lived until Noah was in his 90’s and that Noah’s son Shem lived until after Abraham was born (and was still alive in Isaac’s youth) – that’s a wow moment. Do you suppose that Abraham and Isaac heard about the flood from people who actually lived through it? And about the garden from a person who knew a person who knew Adam? Talk about your six degrees of separation!
Other world events: Most of us have bits of history floating around in some kind of hazy mess; like looking at an out of focus picture. Some parts are less blurry but the picture as a whole doesn’t make sense. Using a Bible timeline with World history on it as well brings it all into sharp focus. We see the whole not just random bits.
When we discover that Daniel and Confucius lived at the same time, or that the Greek poet Homer and Solomon lived in the same century, we begin to connect all those bits of history into a solid map in our minds. These aren’t isolated events happening “somewhere in time.” History is a series of connected events all under God’s direction.
Why: We see God’s hand dealing with all of His children, the descendants of Noah, scattered across the globe to bring about the saving of the human family through Jesus Christ. That’s your why. We see His hand orchestrating major events to bring about prophetic promises of blessing or cursing. Especially now during the wrapping up years as the entire world is in contact and relationship with each other. Now we see His hand played out on a world stage, all of that history coming together into one grand finale. A Bible World History Timeline gives us that whole world view of God’s plan.
There are your five steps.
Teach or study your principle.
Orient the story in time. Place it in order on the timeline.
View the overlap and what that tells us.
Consider other events going on in the world at the same time.
Why. See it all as part of the God’s great plan for man.
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