Alphabetical Index to Bible Timeline – Page 37 – Amazing Bible Timeline with World History

Posted on February 27, 2016March 3, 2016 by Kat Cendana — 6 Comments

Bethuel the Syrian, Rebecca’s Father 1804 BC

Bethuel the Syrian was the father of Laban and more importantly, Rebecca. He is listed on the Biblical Timeline Poster around 1804 BC. Bethuel was also related to Abraham through his parents Nahor and Milcah. Who were Abraham’s brother and niece respectively. Bethuel was the youngest of eight sons which included Uz, Buz, Kemuel, Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, and Jidlaph. He was first mentioned in Genesis 22:22-23.

Nahor settled in Paddan Aram (also known as Aram-naharaim, in northern Syria and now a site in Altinbasak village in southern Turkey) with his wife Milcah and eight sons which included Bethuel. Bethuel still lived in Paddam Aram when Abraham sent his servant to get a wife from his relatives for Isaac (Genesis 24).

“Isaac’s servant tying the bracelet on Rebecca’s arm”

Abraham’s servant prayed to God for guidance in choosing a suitable wife while resting beside a well just outside of town and saw Rebecca come out to draw water. Rebecca introduced herself as one of Bethuel’s children. He was also present (Genesis 24:50) during the servant’s narration of how Rebecca was chosen to be Isaac’s wife. Isaac and Rebecca were later married, making Bethuel both father-in-law and cousin to Isaac.

Bethuel’s grandson Jacob would come back years later to seek refuge from his brother Esau in his uncle Laban’s home in Paddan Aram. And later to marry two of Bethuel’s granddaughters Leah and Rachel.

References:
Picture By Benjamin West – yQFIolS8rKnHdA at Google Cultural Institute, zoom level maximum, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21980794

Posted on February 25, 2016March 29, 2016 by Kat Cendana — Leave a comment

Jacob Blessed Joseph’s Sons

Jacob lived a long and colorful life with more than his fair share of highs and lows starting from Genesis 25 up to Genesis 50. His history is listed on the Biblical Timeline Chart around 1704 BC. After his clan’s migration from Canaan to Egypt at the behest of his son Joseph, Jacob lived 17 more years. Bringing his age to a total of 147 at the time of his death (Genesis 47:28). In Genesis 48, old age had taken its toll on his body and the end of his life drew near. With his death fast approaching, he called Joseph to his side and made his son swear to transport his body out of Egypt and bury him where Abraham and Isaac were buried (Cave of Machpelah in Hebron).

Not long after, Jacob fell ill. Joseph took his sons Manasseh and Ephraim to his father to have them blessed before Jacob died (Genesis 48). These were his sons by Asenath, daughter of Potiphera, priest of On (Heliopolis). The boys were born to Joseph in Egypt, but Jacob claimed them as his own (Genesis 48:5) and gave them his blessing. This is why after the establishment of Israel in Canaan, the Promised Land land was divided among the original ten sons of Jacob (except Joseph and Levi), plus Manasseh and Ephraim.

Jacob_blesses_Ephraim_and_Manasseh — Jacob blesses Ephraim and Manasseh

His eyesight was failing, so Joseph had to introduce his sons to his father. Following the custom back in the days of the patriarchs, older sons were placed on the right side, and younger ones were placed on the left side for the blessing. Jacob crossed his arms and laid his left hand on the older Manasseh’s head and favored the younger Ephraim with his right hand.

This perplexed Joseph, and he tried to correct his father, but for unknown reasons Jacob was bent on giving the younger Ephraim a greater portion of the blessing. This draws a parallel to the case of the other patriarchs when the younger son is favored by the father above the older one, including the cases of Ishmael and Isaac, as well as Esau and Jacob. The chapter is followed by Jacob giving all of his sons blessings in Genesis 49.

References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarch
http://www.bible-history.com/geography/maps/map_canaan_tribal_portions.html
Picture By Owen Jones – http://www.gallery.oldbookart.com/main.php?g2_itemId=30588, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18474305

Posted on February 24, 2016March 29, 2016 by Kat Cendana — 2 Comments

Jacob Blesses His Sons

After 17 years in Egypt, Jacob fell ill and the time of his death drew near. He gathered all his sons after blessing Manasseh and Ephraim and gave most of them blessings while some were a recipient of admonitions and curses befitting their deeds while they lived in Canaan. This event is listed on the Bible Timeline around 1670 BC. These were given first to the sons of Leah, then to the sons of his concubines Bilhah and Zilpah, and last to the sons of Rachel (see Genesis 49).

Sons Who Received Blessings

Judah was the first son to receive blessings from his father. Jacob said that his brothers shall praise him while enemies and his brothers will bow down before him (Genesis 49:8). He was also likened to a lion (v 9) and his role as the family’s leader was established by Jacob (v 10). King David and Jesus were also descended from Judah. Additional blessings in the form of material prosperity were also bestowed upon Judah (v 11, 12).
Issachar’s ‘blessing’ started off as positive with him being described as a “rawboned (strong) donkey lying between saddlebags” (v 14) and inheriting a good land. But when he saw “how pleasant the land was, he worked too hard and became a slave” (v 15 CEV).
Zebulun, Leah’s youngest son “will live by the seashore and become haven for ships” (v 13).
Joseph: Apart from Judah, Jacob’s blessings for Joseph is one of the longest and probably, the most eloquent. Jacob recounted his son’s suffering and eventual triumph in Egypt (v 22-24), as well as reiterated God’s help during his trials.
Benjamin was described as a ravenous wolf who was set to devour the prey and divide the plunder (v 27). The future tribe’s reputation will be that of warriors starting from Ehud (Judges 3:15) to Saul, who later on would become Israel’s first king.
Dan: Jacob said that this handmaid’s son “will provide justice to his people” (v 16), but “will be a snake by the roadside… that bites horse’s heels” (v 17).
Naphtali: Bilhah’s son “is a doe set free that bears beautiful fawns” (v 21).
Gad: Zilpah’s first son “will be attacked by a band of raiders, but he will attack them at their heels.” (v 19)
Asher: Jacob blessed Zilpah’s second son with prosperity, saying that “Asher’s food will be rich; he will provide delicacies fit for a king (v 20).

Joseph in Egypt and his sons — “Joseph with his father Jacob and brothers in Egypt”

“Joseph with his father Jacob and brothers in Egypt”

Sons Who Received Admonitions and Curses

Reuben was Jacob’s firstborn by Leah, but his birthright was forfeited because of his sexual involvement with his father’s concubine Bilhah (v 3-4).
Simeon and Levi were lumped together for admonitions and curses (v 5-7) for their acts of violence against the men of Shechem after the rape of their sister Dinah (Genesis 34). Jacob’s curse against the two was explicitly stated in Genesis 49: 7.Cursed be their anger, so fierce, and their fury, so cruel! I will scatter them in Jacob and disperse them in Israel.

References:
Picture By Painters of Sultan Murad III – Zubdat-al Tawarikh (Illustrated manuscript)http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/Ext/Zubdat.html, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19900596

Posted on February 23, 2016February 24, 2016 by Kat Cendana — 1 Comment

Joseph’s sons born in Egypt by Asenath, daughter of Potipherah, Priest of On – (1704 BC)

Manasseh and Ephraim were Joseph’s sons born in Egypt during the height of his power as Egypt’s administrator. This is listed on the Bible Timeline Chart around 1704 BC. Apart from their father’s high position in the Egyptian court, they were also descended from priests. This was through their mother Asenath and their grandfather Potiphera (not to be confused with the captain of the guard Potiphar in Genesis 39). Thereby cementing their position in the Egyptian society, as well as later in the establishment of Israel as a nation-state.

Their father’s story began in the 37^th chapter of Genesis after Jacob settled his family in the land of Canaan. The deep-seated envy of Joseph’s brothers resulted in him being sold to Ishmaelite traders and later on as a slave in Egypt. This story culminated in the succeeding chapters after he rose as Egypt’s ruler (second only to Pharaoh) by interpreting the king’s dreams about the years of abundance followed by years of famine. This life-changing moment also established Joseph as a member of Egypt’s elite. The Pharaoh personally gave him a new Egyptian name “Zaphenath-Paneah and gave him Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On (Sun City or Heliopolis, the modern-day suburb of Ain Shams), to be his wife.” (Genesis 41:45 NIV).

Jacob_with_Ephraim_and_Manasseh — Jacob with Ephraim and Manasseh

Joseph’s sons Manasseh and Ephraim were born before the years of famine. Joseph named his eldest Manasseh (‘to forget’ in Hebrew) because “God has made me forget all my trouble and all my father’s household,” while his younger son was named Ephraim (‘to be fruitful’) “because God has made me fruitful in the land of my suffering.” (Genesis 41:50-52 NIV) There are no records as to whether Joseph had more children by Asenath apart from Manasseh and Ephraim. The boys were later on blessed by Jacob in his deathbed.

References:
On (Heliopolis: Ancient City of Egypt)
Ain Shams
Manasseh: Meaning of Name and Background
Ephraim: Meaning of Name and Background
Picture By Owen Jones – http://www.gallery.oldbookart.com/main.php?g2_itemId=30588, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18474305

Posted on February 22, 2016February 22, 2016 by Kat Cendana — Leave a comment

Pharaoh’s Death – Israel Enslaved 1530 BC

The last chapter of Genesis recounts the death of Joseph in the land of Egypt at the age of 110. This can be found on the Bible Timeline Poster around 1530 BC. He had lived a long and successful life as a vizier of Egypt appointed by Pharaoh. The Hebrew people also thrived and multiplied in the land, they settled in (Exodus 1:7.).

“Departure of the Israelites”, by David Roberts, 1829″

The unnamed pharaoh who appointed Joseph as administrator had also died and a new pharaoh who did not know about Joseph and what he had done for Egypt ascended into power. Fearing that the large Hebrew population under his rule might rebel against him, he ordered them to hard labor and appointed slave drivers over them.

There are two pharaohs during the time of the Exodus (both, unfortunately, were unnamed). One was the pharaoh that decreed the Israelites as their (Egyptians’) slaves, and the other one was the pharaoh during the time of the plagues which was also the same one whose army perished during the crossing of the Red Sea.

The tyranny was imposed in two stages. First was slavery in hard labor and the subsequent infanticide of newborn male Hebrew babies. According to several passages in the Bible and Jewish tradition, Jacob’s descendants will stay and be enslaved in the land of Egypt for four hundred years (Genesis 15:13, Exodus 12 40-41, and Acts 7:6-7)

References:
Picture By David Roberts – Usenet, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10293374

Posted on February 18, 2016May 9, 2019 by Kat Cendana — Leave a comment

300 BC The Mayans adopt a hierarchical society (nobles and kings)

The Mayans are one of the world’s oldest known civilizations. By 300 BC, (which coincides with the Late Pre-Classic Period) most of their intellectual achievements were realized, including the adoption of a hierarchical society. This event is listed on the Bible Timeline during that period.

300 BC marks the expansion of the Mayan territories. However, unlike other civilizations, they were not confined to a collaborated single empire. Instead, city-states were built, which scholars thought to have consisted of small family units. These small settlements of people were ruled by a royal household reigned by a king, also called K’uhul Ajaw (roughly translated as “divine Lord”), and his high court.

“Merchants and artisans, though found almost at the bottom of the hierarchy, played a great role in molding the Mayan art ……. including ball courts, pyramids, and roads.”

Due to the surge in population, the Mayan civilization began to evolve into a more complex society. They had to create social mechanisms that could enable them to coordinate, organize, and feed the growing number of their people.

It is at this period that the deepening of social stratification was more evident than ever. People were ranked according to their economic, political, and religious status. Their system of political organizations was divided as follows, King (also known as “ahau), nobles, priests, merchants, artisans, peasants, and slaves.

The royal family had the highest regard in the Mayan community for they were believed to be the intermediaries between the gods and the people and the rest of the “real worlds.” They were also the interpreters of time and celestial events. They dictated all functions of their kingdoms.

Meanwhile, the nobility class consisted of the local magistrates, executives, town counselors, and deputies or assistants to the local kings in running various government affairs, and policemen.

Third in the Mayan bureaucracy, it was the priest’s role that had shaped some of the major and highly-intelligent achievements of the Mayan era. They performed different activities, such as rituals, sacrifices, divination, astronomical observation, and hieroglyphic writings. Additionally, they had a say with regards to politics.

Merchants and artisans, though found almost at the bottom of the hierarchy, played a great role in molding the Mayan art and trade. The artisans were the forefronts of different monumental public works, including ball courts, pyramids, and roads. Mayan art flourished as well because of the artisans who were responsible for stone carvings, painted murals, fine ceramics, and jewelry, among others.

The merchants, on the other hand, enriched a certain kingdom through trade. They were travelers who would go from one city-state to another to negotiate and trade.

At the bottom of the social hierarchy were the peasants, farmers, and slaves. In this class, men were farmers and women had their own household duties. The nobles would decide who among the peasants must become slaves to the royal family.

References:
http://earlyworldhistory.blogspot.com/2012/03/maya-preclassic-period.html
http://www.historyonthenet.com/mayans/the-mayan-pre-classic-era
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_social_classes

Posted on February 17, 2016March 11, 2016 by Kat Cendana — Leave a comment

Victory of Hyksos

Chaos reigned during Egypt’s Second Intermediate Period. Which was right before the Hyksos took over around 1700 BC where it is listed on the Biblical Timeline. Disunity was rampant after the fall of the Middle Kingdom at the time of Sobekneferu’s death. She was a female Pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom’s 12^th Dynasty, who passed away without an heir. The lack of an heir resulted in problems in succession to the throne and different factions vied to obtain absolute power. A series of ineffectual kings of the 13^th Dynasty ruled some parts of Egypt, except Xois (Khasut or Sakha) which was ruled by 14^th Dynasty rulers and Avaris, which was under the rule of Hyksos. The Hyksos were Semitic-Asiatic people from West Asia related to Canaanites. They settled in Egypt during the 18^th century BC and by 1630 BC, Hyksos kings ruled a greater part of Egypt, forming the 15^th Dynasty.

“An earlier group of Asiatic peoples depicted entering Egypt c. 1900 BC, from the tomb of a 12th Dynasty official Khnumhotep II under pharaoh Senusret II at Beni Hasan.”

Brief Foreign Rule over Egypt

There are two hypotheses regarding how the Hyksos came to rule Egypt. The first is by gradual migration into the Nile River Delta, and as their population increased, they simply took advantage and overpowered the vulnerable and chaotic 13^th and 14^th Dynasties.

The second is through warfare. As mentioned before, the Hyksos were related to Amorites/Canaanites as seen on the Stela of Kamose regarding Apophis (Apepi). It depicts Apophis as the King of Retjenu (ancient Egyptian name for Canaan and Syria). The Amorites were mighty warriors who may have conquered Egypt by force using more modern warfare technologies such as the two-wheeled chariots, composite bows, and better battle axes.

When it came to warfare, the rider of the two-wheeled chariot had the advantage due to its maneuverability. There is evidence that Egyptians had also used chariots by that time. However, the Hyksos seemed more adept at handling them. The combination of the use of chariots and the composite bows (made from wood and horn) may have ensured the success of the Hyksos. The composite bow was smaller yet powerful and more convenient for warriors who are mobile. They also introduced the strengthening of fortresses, and they built their fortified camp in Avaris in the northeastern Nile delta which also served as their capital.

The Hyksos ruled a vast area of Egypt from the Nile Delta to the southern territory of Cusae for more than 100 years, sometimes overlapping with other Egyptian dynasties. They assimilated well within the Egyptian society by worshiping the Egyptian god Seth and adopting the native customs. They were overthrown and driven out of Egypt later on by the Theban pharaohs Kamose and his successor, Ahmose.

References:
https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=9mdrgxad6PIC&gt http://www.britannica.com/topic/Hyksos-Egyptian-dynasty&gt
http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/hyksos.html&gt
http://www.britannica.com/biography/Ahmose-I&gt
Picture By NebMaatRa – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4390535

Posted on February 17, 2016April 5, 2016 by Kat Cendana — 5 Comments

The King of Ethiopia, 700 BC

Taharqa was the King of Ethiopia (also known as the land of Cush or Kush). He reigned during the 7th century BC and is listed on the Biblical Timeline Chart during that time period.

King of Ethiopia 700 bc Taharqa — “His crown as Pharaoh bore two snakes to show that he was the king of both lands.”

“His crown as Pharaoh bore two snakes to show that he was the king of both lands.”

Taharqa was also the Pharaoh of Egypt, and a king of its Twenty-Fifth Dynasty, later to be known as the only Nubian dynasty of that ancient kingdom. His crown as Pharaoh bore two snakes to show that he was the king of both lands.

Taharqa lived during the reign of King Hezekiah of Judah, a time when the Assyrians, under King Sennacherib, attacked Jerusalem.

The Bible says in 2 Kings 19:9 that King Sennacherib received news that “Tirhaka”, the King of Cush, was marching out against him. Both the Bible and nonbiblical records show that the Assyrian army withdrew because of this and Jerusalem was saved from destruction.

It was an important triumph in both Hebrew and world history because Judaism, a fledgling religion during this time, was protected and allowed to evolve by this victory.

He was said to be about twenty years old when he marched out to Jerusalem to fight the Assyrians in 701 BC. However, his reign is traced from 690 – 664 BC. It would seem that he was not yet king when he saved Jerusalem. This difference in the dates may be explained by the suggestion that the “title of king in the Biblical text refers to his future
royal title, when at the time of this account he was likely only a military commander.”

Tirhaka, Tarkakah, also Tarakos, Tearkos, Tharsikes and Tarku are some of the variations of this Ethiopian ruler’s name, whose existence has been confirmed by accounts from other ancient historians such as Herodotus, Manetho, Strabo, and Josephus.

Taharqa was the son of Piye, Nubian King of Napata, who conquered Egypt and established what was to become its TwentyFifth Dynasty. His mother was Abar.

Taharqa was the successor to his brother Shebitku. Under his rule, Egypt
and Kush enjoyed peace and prosperity. The military campaigns of Piye and Shabaka before him led to both lands flourishing under Taharqa’s reign. During this time of wealth, he “restored existing temples, built new ones, and constructed the largest pyramid in the Napatan region. His additions to the Temple at Karnak,
the new temple at Kawa, and the temple at Jebel Barkalwere particularly impressive.

It was also during his reign, that Assyria, under Sennacherib’s son and successor Esarhaddon began invading Egypt in 677 BC.
By the year 671 BC, Esarhaddon had conquered Memphis and captured several members of Taharqa’s family. Taharqa escaped to Nubia but continued to incite rebellion against the Assyrians.

Finally, in 664 BC, he was defeated by Esarhaddon’s
son Ashurbanipal and fled to Thebes where he died and was buried in Nuri, North Sudan. He was then succeeded by Tantamani.

References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taharqa
https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=UYcEAQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://www.sacredtexts.com/afr/we/we07.htm
Picture By Français : inconnu – Guillaume Blanchard, July 2004, Fujifilm S6900, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=156956

Posted on February 15, 2016February 15, 2016 by Amy — Leave a comment

Esau married Judith and Bashmeth, Hittites

Esau is the elder twin brother of Jacob, sons of Isaac and Rebekah.

At the age of 40, he married his first two wives, Judith and Bashemath, who both came from the Canaanite tribe of the Hittites. This event is listed on the Biblical Timeline Poster around 1829 BC. Judith is the daughter of Beeri the Hittite while Bashemath is the daughter of Elon the Hittite.

Esau's Wives — “Hittite chariot, from an Egyptian relief”

“Hittite chariot, from an Egyptian relief”

His union with the two Canaanite women was against the wishes of his parents. Hittite women were considered heathens of Canaan at that time. Which was because of their ungodly ways of idolatry and adultery.

In Genesis 36, Esau’s two Canaanite wives were again mentioned; however, they went with different names from that of the wives referred in Genesis 26 and 28. In this later chapter, his wives were named Adah, the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Aholibamah, the daughter of Anah, daughter of Zibeon the Hivite. His third wife was called Bashemath, Ishmael’s daughter and Nebajoth’s sister. Scholars have since equated the three wives with those mentioned in earlier chapters.

When Esau saw that his father blessed Jacob, sent him to Paddan Aram to take a wife, and commanded him not to marry any daughter of the degenerate Canaanites, he changed his evil ways. He went to visit his uncle Ishmael and married his cousin, Mahalath, whose name means “forgiveness.” By merit of his latest marriage, God forgave Esau all his sins.

After his father’s death, Esau took his wives, children, servants, and cattle to move away from Jacob and settle at Mount Seir.

References:
http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/8221/jewish/Chapter-26.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esau#Family
http://biblehub.com/genesis/28-1.htm
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hittite_Chariot.jpg

Posted on February 5, 2016May 16, 2016 by Kat Cendana — Leave a comment

Neo-Assyrian Empire

[Assyria: Great Power] (879 BC) –This was the height of their success and is listed on the Biblical Timeline during that time.

After the Bronze Age Collapse in 1185 and 1130 BC, as well as a series of natural calamities, invasions, internal strife, and migration, the old Assyrian empire fell into a relatively short and slight decline along with other civilizations in the Near East and Mediterranean region.

By early 900 BC, Ashur-Dan II had instituted reforms within the government, stabilized boundaries, and boosted the agricultural sector to establish Assyria once again as a regional power. Adad-nirari II rose to power soon after Ashur-Dan II. He revived the ancient empire and the Neo-Assyrian Empire was established. Adad-nirari II continued securing Assyria’s borders during his reign. And then conquered the surrounding kingdoms including Persia, Philistia, Chaldea, Arabia, Egypt, Israel, and Judah among others. The expansion of the empire and Assyria’s rule of various nations continued until the reign of its last king, Ashur-ubalit II. During its height, the Neo-Assyrian empire spanned from Egypt in the west to Persia in the east and from Turkey in the north to Arabia in the south.

The Neo-Assyrian Empire had a reputation for military power and extreme ruthlessness to subduing conquered peoples. The Assyrians’ success lies in their efficient use of infantry, iron weaponry, engineering, and military strategies. For most of Israel’s history, Assyrians were mentioned in the Bible either as allies (as in the case of Ahaz and Tiglath-pileser) or as cruel enemies as mentioned by the majority of the prophets. Most of the kings of Judah and Israel after the death of Solomon lived under the constant fear of the sieges of Assyria. The prophets Elijah, Elisha, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea, Micah, Nahum, Zephaniah, and Zechariah directly mentioned Assyria in their prophecies.

Here is a list of the names and dates of the Old Testament prophets who lived during the Neo-Assyrian period:

Jonah – c. 760 BC
Amos – c. 760-755 BC
Joel – 835-830 BC (?)
Hosea – 715-710 BC
Micah – 740-710 BC
Isaiah – c. 700-680 BC
Nahum – c. 630-620 BC
Zephaniah – c. 630 BC
Habakkuk – c. 606 BC
Jeremiah – c. 585-580 BC

Here is a list of the Neo-Assyrian kings mentioned in the Bible:

Shalmaneser III —858–824 B.C. (2 Kings 17:3)
Tiglath-pileser III—744–727 B.C. (2 Kings 16:7)
Sargon II—721–705 B.C. (2 Kings 18:9)
Sennacherib—704–681 B.C. (2 Kings 18:13, Isaiah 36:1)
Esarhaddon—680–669 B.C. (2 Kings 19:36)

As expected, the Assyrians’ extreme cruelty did not endear them to the conquered people. Constant rebellion plagued the empire and other factors such as a large population due to resettlement, drought, and internal political strife added to the decline of the Neo-Assyrian empire. The final blow came with the sacking and burning of Nineveh in 612 BC by a coalition of Persians, Medes, Babylonians, and Scythians.

References:
http://etc.ancient.eu/2015/05/20/what-caused-the-bronze-age-collapse/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashur-dan_II
https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=vXljf8JqmkoC&pg=PA249&lpg=PA249&dq=adad+nirari+ii&source=bl&ots=QxoifrDnQu&sig=fgtdzyXSN6fSJpn1GrsJCzewq9w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZmtSdmd3KAhWGg6YKHVuMD-oQ6AEIRjAL#v=onepage&q=adad%20nirari%20ii&f=false
http://www.ancient.eu/image/117/
Picture By Ningyou – Own work data fromBased on a map in ‘Atlas of the Bible Lands’, C S Hammond & Co (1959), ISBN 9780843709414., Public Domain