Bible Timeline Poster – Page 9 – Amazing Bible Timeline with World History

Posted on October 25, 2014October 4, 2017 by Amy — Leave a comment

Arvad, Gebal, Phoenicia founded cities of

According to the Bible, Arvad was referred to as the city, which was the progenitor of the Canaanite group called the Arvadites. In 2nd BC, this island was occupied by the Phoenicians, who also ruled over the land. Arvad and Gebal can be found on the Bible Timeline Poster around 2200 BC. During the time of the Phoenician’s reign in this land, it was considered as an independent kingdom. It was either referred to as Jazirat or Arvad, yet the Phoenicians gave another name for it, which was believed to be Aynook.

Among the Greek, Arvad was popularly called Arados, and it also was mentioned as Arphad or Arpad in ancient sources. However, Antiochus I Soter decided to rename the land to Antiochia.

In terms of economy, Arvad was one of the thriving cities because it served as a base for commercial purposes. This base became functional when it comes to commercial trades in ancient times to Orontes Valley.

Arvad_island — The Island started out as nothing but rock.

The Island started out as nothing but rock.

Arvad was positioned about 50 kilometers in the northern part of Tripolis. Initially, the island was nothing but a barren rock, which was popular for its fortifications and residences that are high-rise in nature. As for the total area of the island, it measured about 800 meters in length and 500 meters in width. Arvad was protected by a strong wall, as well as a harbor that was artificial in nature. The harbor was made in Arvad’s east and up to the mainland. In the early parts of the island’s development, it has become a trading city that was just like the other cities populated by Phoenicians. Arvad also had a thriving city and navy, and some of the ships found in this island were stated in Assyrian and Egyptian monuments during ancient times. Arvad was noted for its coinage and successful local dynasty, and the island’s inhabitants were even stated in the Book of Genesis in 10:18. On the other hand, in Ezekiel 27:8-11, Arvad’s soldiers, and seamen were under the service of Type. Under the leadership of the island’s rulers, a few neighboring cities on Arvad’s mainlands were established including Simyra and Marathos. Other cities that were built including the ones on the south and opposite portion of the island.

Additional Facts about Arvad

arvad_history — ‘ This land, which was known as Arados or Arado to Greeks, had a small fishing town that belonged to modern-day Syria.’

‘ This land, which was known as Arados or Arado to Greeks, had a small fishing town that belonged to modern-day Syria.’

Arvad was first established by a group of Amorite settlers during 2nd BC. Initially, Canaanites settled on the land, but then a strong Phoenician kingdom soon took over. This land, which was known as Arados or Arado to Greeks, had a small fishing town that belonged to modern-day Syria. It is situated about 3 kilometers from Tartus, and it covers an area of about 700 meters in length.

Since there were limited resources on the island, the people relied mainly on the mainland for essential supplies necessary for survival. Nevertheless, Arvad still became an important point for commercial trades in the Orontes Valley. Interestingly, there was a small city that remained under the control of Arvad, including some of Northern Canaan’s regional cities.

Arvad was often referred to as a typical kingdom of the Phoenicians, although it was also regarded as the first republic ever established in the world. The citizens were also the ones who formed the island’s first government, and there were some kings who were recorded to have reigned during a certain period in Arvad.

References:
http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsMiddEast/CanaanArvad.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arwad
http://phoenicia.org/history.html
http://pixabay.com/en/island-sunset-st-lawrence-river-409939/
http://pixabay.com/en/beach-coast-stones-rock-sea-water-192981/
http://pixabay.com/en/boot-sea-adventure-atlantic-367490/

Posted on October 11, 2014October 4, 2017 by Amy — Leave a comment

Tarquin Family Name

The Tarquin name originated from the Etruscan family (translated to mean ‘Lord’) which governed Rome. It can be found on the Bible Timeline Poster with World History around 604 BC. According to a legend recorded by the historian Livy, a Corinthian Noble moved to Tarquinii, Etruria and wed into one of the head Etruscan families. He then had two sons Aruns and Lucumo. Lucumo wed Tanaquil, who was a daughter of the Etruscan nobility and considered a prophetess of high esteem. By her he was persuaded to go to Rome and seek a higher position. There he changed his name to Lucius Tarquinius Priscus.

With the help of his wife and after some plotting Tarquinius Priscus became the ruler of Rome and began the influence of foreign reign. Some good did come from this in that it enhanced the society with power and strength which allowed for much growth. The Etruscans brought about the royal insignia that were the symbols of power meant to give the king more respect and renown. These symbols were a golden crown, ivory scepter, and chair call the ‘curule chair’, a white robe sewn with a purple lining and twelve ‘lictors’ (royal servants that held rods (‘faces’) around an ax). This was to show an unquestionable authority from the king.

In addition to this Etruria brought about the art of haruspices (soothsayers) who proclaimed the words of the Gods. These people had the duty of deciding the God’s influence by watching lightning, nature, studying the intestines of sacrificed creatures and going as far as to observing sacred chickens while they ate. These ‘soothsayers’ were meant to be more knowledgeable about such things than the Roman augurs, and it is thought that the Senate supported them.

Even the buildings and structures of Rome show the workings of Etruscan knowledge. The size and strength of their works mostly in the walls and sewers that were built during that time exhibit the hands of grand and well versed construction workers. The ‘Tuscan Street’ (‘vicus Tuscus’) that spread into the Forum kept the imprint of their part in the cities of Rome.

References:
http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/tarquin.html
http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey04.html
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tanaquil#mediaviewer/File:Domenico_Beccafumi_065.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_civilization#mediaviewer/File:Civita_di_Bagnoregio.jpg

Posted on September 30, 2014October 4, 2017 by Amy — Leave a comment

Shamshi-Adad I

Shamshi was an Amorite, who lived around 1809-1766 BC where he can be found on the Bible Timeline Poster. His name is translated to be ‘my sun is the god Adad’. He was a king who ruled over the ancient Near East of Assyria and Northern areas around Mesopotamia. His kingdom was frequently spoken of as Upper Mesopotamia. Shamshi’s father was Ila-kabkabu king over the borders of Mari (north Syria). When his father passed away, one of Shamshi’s brothers took reign causing Shamshi-Adad to create his own kingdom from the ground up. He started at the Akkadian Empire in Shekhna (north/east Syria) which had been left deserted for many years. It was established as his capital, and the name was changed to Shubat-Enlil which is today’s Tell Leilan.

Following that Shamshi tried to conquer Ekallatum in Syria by the left shore of the Tigris against King Naram-Suen. Shamshi-Adad was defeated and had to retreat south to the city-state of Babylon which was created and governed by associated Amorites. Ultimately he came when Erishum II ruled and victoriously disposed the King of Assyria, bringing that dynasty to a close. This enabled him to govern Assyria, a growing nation that had established and prosperous trading settlements in Anatolia. His oldest son Ishme-Dagan I was set as ruler over Ekallatum and as he proclaimed himself king, Shamshi-Adad tried to strengthen his place as ruler by linking his heritage to Ushpia (21^st century BC Assyrian King).

Mari

Shamshi’s next focus was a city called Mari that had a caravan route from Anatolia to Mesopotamia. The ruler of Mari (Iakhdunlim) was murdered by his servants that could have been following Shamshi-Adad’s directions. Shamshi then grabbed his chance and placed himself over Mari. The original heir to the throne Zimri-Lim was obligated to escape and traveled to Aleppo (ancient Yamkhad). Shamshi then promoted his next son Yasmah-Adad as ruler over Mari so Shamshi could go back to Shubat-Enlil.

Sovereignty

With the contribution of Mari, Shamshi-Adad had power over a vast kingdom, which consisted of all of Upper Mesopotamia. Shamshi then announced himself as ‘King of All’ a name established by Sargon of Akkad. Predictably Shamshi-Adad’s success focused much jealously from the nearby nations and all through his rule Shamshi and his sons were made to defend their kingdom. Ishme-Dagan appeared to be a capable governor, however his sibling Yasmah-Adad looks to show someone of little strength and conviction; his unhappy parent was often complaining about it: ‘You are a child, not a man, have you no beard on your chin?’ – ‘While here your brother is victorious, down there you lie about among women’. Shamshi-Adad excelled at keeping matters in order and maintained a strict hold on every subject of the state ranging from high policy to choosing officials and sending out supplies. His movements were carefully laid out, and his men were taught all the common strategies of ‘siege craft’ like surrounding ramparts and battering rams. He frequently used spies and ‘propaganda’ to obtain victory.

shamshi-adad_zimri — ‘Tablet of King Zimri-Lim of Mari, ca. 1780 BC, Louvre Museum.’

‘Tablet of King Zimri-Lim of Mari, ca. 1780 BC, Louvre Museum.’

Shamshi-Adad was always working on making his realm stronger, however after his death the nation began to fall apart. The kingdom was missing the structure and was in a weak location. When everyone discovered that Shamshi had passed away, his previous enemies went out immediately to take the kingdom from his successors. Yasmah-Adad was quickly exiled from Mari by Zimri-Lim, and the remaining kingdom was slowly taken from Ishme-Dagan and Mut-Ashkur and put in the hands of a different Amorite King, Hammurabi of Babylon.

References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_I
http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/leadersns/g/060609ShamshiAdad.htm
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wall_painting_Sacrifice_ordinator_AO19825_mp3h9087.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari,_Syria#mediaviewer/File:MariZiggurat.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari,_Syria#mediaviewer/File:Tablet_Zimri-Lim_Louvre_AO20161.jpg

Posted on September 29, 2014October 4, 2017 by Amy — 22 Comments

Thutmose II History – Was He the Pharoah at the Exodus

Thutmose II is a name that means “Born of Thoth”. He was noted as the fourth ruler of Egypt during the 18th dynasty. He also built some monuments and led two other campaigns. Other than that, he did little during his reign as he was largely influenced by Hatshepsut, his wife. Thutmose II reigned during 1493 to 1479 BC, which is where he can be located on the Bible Timeline Poster. His body was found in the Deir el-Bahri Cache, and now can be viewed in Cairo’s Egyptian Museum.

Background Thutmose II was considered as the lesser son of Thutmose I because his mother was a minor named Mutnofret. However, he was married to Hatshepsut, who was the royal half-sister of Thutmose II, which helped maintain his kingship in the land. He was also able to end several rebellions held in Nubia, and he led an army that defeated nomadic groups of the Bedouins. However, these campaigns were only headed by the generals of the king and not by Thutmose II. Hence, this proved that he was indeed a minor even though he was pharaoh.

Thutmose II and Hatshepsut There were archaeologists who claimed that Hatshepsut was indeed the actual force behind Thutmose II during the time of his rule. The evidence behind this claim included the similarities in the foreign and domestic policies that were implemented under his kingship. Moreover, there were various relief scenes made from the Karmak gateway, and these presented the reign of Thutmose II along with his wife.

Thutmose II and His Period of Reign

There were some debates whether Thutmose II was indeed the king of Egypt during the period of Exodus. For instance, there were researchers who claimed that Thutmose II reigned for 13 years, although newer scholars believed he only ruled for 3 to 4 years. Because of a lack in the number of monuments and scarabs made under Thutmose II.

thutmose_II_exodus — ‘Aakheperenre, the praenomen of Thutmose II, Temple of Hatshepsut, Luxor.’

‘Aakheperenre, the praenomen of Thutmose II, Temple of Hatshepsut, Luxor.’

In Exodus 4:19, God commanded Moses to go back to Egypt as all the men who wanted to kill him were already dead. The ruler of the land at that time was believed to Thutmose II, who was also referred to as Gardiner. Historians considered him as a weak and lesser king, and he was greatly dominated by his wife Hatshepsut during his reign.

Based on the chronology of Pharaohs that ruled Egypt, it appeared that Thutmose II was the only possible candidate to have been the leader during the time of Exodus. For instance, there were claims that his body was recovered after his supposed drowning in the Red Sea. Although in Exodus 14:30, it was mentioned that the people of Israel discovered that the Egyptians died upon the seashore.

However, there are some uncertainties with the identities of the Egyptian Royal mummies and their time of rule. This was caused by the re-interment and re-labelling made during the 21st dynasty. Hence, there are still divided beliefs when it comes to the actual year of the reign of Thutmose II, or if he was indeed the actual Pharaoh that ruled during the Exodus narrated in the Bible.

References:
http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-date-1440bc.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutmose_II
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatshepsut#mediaviewer/File:Hatshepsut.jpg

Posted on September 26, 2014October 4, 2017 by Amy — Leave a comment

Abraham in the Land of Abimelech

The mighty King of Gerar, who was named Abimelech, had an important role in the life of Abraham. Their interaction is shown on the Bible Timeline Poster around 1854 BC. It all started when Abraham and Sarah set foot upon the king’s land. Abimelech was kind enough to give Abraham rights to graze his cattle to any place in the land that he wanted. Unfortunately, there was a dispute that existed between the two, which mainly started when Abraham decided to dig a well only to be seized by one of the king’s servants.

However, Abimelech was clearly unaware of this dispute. The king only heard of Abraham’s complaint, and this led to an agreement that was first presented by Abraham. This situation was resolved by giving Abraham full rights of ownership to the well, and this also entitled him to proceed to his business activities in the land.

The Life of Abraham in the Land of Abimelech

For a number of times, Abraham was often forced to give up most things that he originally owned. In fact, he was commanded by God to leave his homeland in pursuit of the promised land that Abraham was not completely aware of. Although he had doubts and fears about departing, he allowed himself to put his trust on God as he left his native land.

Yet, the situation that occurred with the well showed that Abraham was dedicated to securing what he believed was his own property. This only proved how Abraham was indeed a committed, responsible and hard working person who only wanted to live life in a fair manner. He also believed in the importance of making good use of legal protections for any property that he had.

abraham_with_Abimelech — During his stay in Canaan, Abraham lived by shepherding.

During his stay in Canaan, Abraham lived by shepherding. Thus, a good access to water is key for this business to thrive. Instead of allowing his livelihood and family to suffer, he fought for his rights and was able to succeed by doing so. This is a sign of Abraham’s love and concern for others instead of merely focusing on what he wanted for himself.

The Lesson We Learn from Abraham

Just like Abraham, it is only right that anyone who is involved in responsibilities where they need to protect others should think beyond their own needs. It is true that us humans are tasked to be the stewards of God’s creations, which means we should do our best to be responsible for everything under our care. With this in mind, every decision should not only remain on who is right, but it is important to take into account how each decision could affect other people’s welfare.

Although, in this story, Abimelech had every reason to be upset with Abraham, he even rewarded him in the end. For instance, he brought Abraham male and female slaves, as well as some cattle. Sarah was also returned to Abraham, and he was able to live a more comfortable life in this land. Indeed, the life of Abraham turned out for the best all because of his wisdom and ability to make the right decisions for the common good.

References:
http://www.ligonier.org/learn/devotionals/abimelech-and-abraham/
http://www.keyway.ca/htm2013/20130809.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham#mediaviewer/File:PikiWiki_Israel_11347_Abrams_well.jpg

Posted on September 21, 2014October 4, 2017 by Amy — Leave a comment

Assyrian Power Beginning 1700 BC, Rise of

Assyria was centered primarily in northern Mesopotamia, specifically on the Upper Tigris river. It can be found on the Bible Timeline Poster starting at 1704 BC. There were several instances when the Assyrians were able to rule a number of powerful empires throughout history. Thus, it has become the largest empire in the world.

The cradle of civilization in history included several empires such as Sumer, Babylonia, and Akkad. While other empires continued to rise in power, Assyria also made its contributions to the world with its success in the fields of science, technology and culture. During the peak of its progress, the empire extended from Cyprus to Persia, as well as from the Caucasus Mountains that covered present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia up to Egypt and the entire Arabian Peninsula.

Under the Rule of Babylonians

During the years 1750 to 1732 BC, Assyria was dominated by the Babylonians. Hammurabi’s rule prevailed in the empire after his success in conquering Eshnunna, Larsa, and Mari. During his reign, several trade activities in Anatolia’s karum colonies came to a halt. Nevertheless, the monarchy of Assyria survived, despite the fact that three Amorite kings after Ishme-Dagan were completely dependent on the powerful Babylonian Empire.

Rise of the Adaside Dynasty

When Hammurabi died, the Babylonians slowly lost power over the Assyrians. This continued when Samsu-iluna, the successor of Hammurabi, rose in power during 1750 to 1712 BC. Then, a civil war broke off following the deposition of Asinum, who was the Amorite king of Assyria. According to Puzur-Sin, a native Akkadian, Asinum was not only a foreigner but also a lackey of Babylon. This led to the rule of Ashur-dugul (a native king) in 1732 BC, which was possibly supported by Puzur-Sin. Unfortunately, he lost control of the empire, and Ashur-apla-idi took his place.

Assyria_and_Bible — ‘The modern discovery of Babylonia and Assyria begins with excavations in Nineveh in 1845’

‘The modern discovery of Babylonia and Assyria begins with excavations in Nineveh in 1845’

After being under rule by four other kings, Babylonia appeared to have no capabilities to take control of the situation in Assyria. In 1726 BC, when King Adasi ruled the empire in Assyria, he was able to drive away the Amorites and Babylonians while stabilizing the political conditions in Assyria. Eventually, the Babylonian control over the entire Mesopotamia weakened.

Assyria continued to rise in power during the rule of Bel-bani, which was during the years 1700 to 1691 BC. He is the one responsible for further defeating the Amorites and Babylonians while enhancing the power of the kingdom. He was the very first king who ruled during the Adasides Dynasty. Moreover, his rule marked the start of another historical phase in Assyria after the conflicts caused by several rulers before him. Bel-bani remained as Assyria’s ruler for a period of 10 years.

References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyria#Assyria_under_Babylonian_domination.2C_1750.E2.80.931732_BC
http://www.aina.org/books/eliba/eliba.htm”>http://www.aina.org/books/eliba/eliba.htm

Posted on September 15, 2014October 4, 2017 by Amy — Leave a comment

Zebulun

In the Book of Genesis, Zebulun was the sixth son of Leah and Jacob. He was also the leader of the Tribe of Zebulun in Israel. Based on studies, his name was taken from “zbl”, which was a Northwest Semitic root, and it was commonly used in Ugaritic texts as a title given to the god Baal. He is located on the Bible Timeline Poster around 1704 BC.

Meaning Behind the Name

There are two etymologies or origins for Zebulun’s name, according to the Torah. The first etymology of his name was taken was zebed, or “gift”, as Leah considered the fact that having six sons was God’s gift to her. The name also originated from yizbeleni, which means “honor”. This means, Leah is hoping that she would soon obtain honor from Jacob for having given birth and raised six sons. Another etymology is possible for this name, based on the Book of Deuteronomy. The authors believed that the name has some relevance to the word zibhe, which means “sacrifice”. The basis for this etymology is the commercial activity that the tribe of Zebulun was familiar for. In particular, it pertained to the agreement that existed between some non-Israelites and the Tribe of Zebulun, at Mount Tabor. This agreement was called the zibhe-tzedek or “sacrifice to Tzedek”.

About the Tribe of Zebulun

The tribe was among one of the key figures in Israel’s early history. In fact, during the census that was held in the Sinai Desert, there were about 57,400 men in the Tribe of Zebulun. These men were also considered to be ready for battle because of the size and appearance of the Army. Eliab was the head of this army, and he ordered his men to encamp at the east portion of the Tabernacle, with Issachar and Judah. Also, Gaddiel was one of the spies who went to Canaan, as ordered by Moses. Gaddiel served as one of the representatives of Zebulun. Another census took place in Shittim, which was in Moab. This was after the slaying of 24,000 men, who were killed because of their crime. Based on the census, the Tribe of Zebulun already had 60,500 men fit for the war.

In the Book of Numbers, Elizaphan was appointed as the representative Zebulun during the division that existed in the Promised Land. There was another account of the tribe when it was mentioned in the Song of Deborah. According to the text, the tribe was described as courageous men who spared their lives in the Merom region. They were also praised for their bravery, and that they led the entire army to a battle. In the Book of Chronicles, there were at least 50,000 brave men from the Tribe of Zebulun, who all followed David to make him as the king. These men also brought along a good supply of meat and beverages to feast and be merry about the leadership of the newly appointed ruler. Eventually, the tribe’s territory was seized by the Assyrians. Thus, the Tribe of Zebulun was in exile, and that signaled the end of this mighty tribe in history.

References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebulun
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_of_Zebulun
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_of_Zebulun#mediaviewer/File:12_Tribes_of_Israel_Map.svg

Posted on September 10, 2014October 4, 2017 by Amy — Leave a comment

Rachel, Biblical Figure

Rachel was most well-known as the favorite wife of Jacob. She can be found on the Bible Timeline Poster around 1704 B.C. Rachel is also the younger sister of Leah, Jacob’s first wife, and Jacob’s first cousin. Her father is Laban, the brother of Rebekah. Rebekah is Jacob’s mother. Rachel is also the mother of Joseph and Benjamin, Jacob’s two youngest sons.

Rachel Met Jacob In Chapter 29 of Genesis, Rachel met Jacob while watering her father’s sheep for she was a shepherdess. After Jacob introduced himself and revealed his relationship with Rachel’s family, Rachel reported his arrival to her father. Rachel was reportedly very beautiful (Genesis 29:17). While Jacob was staying with Laban, he fell in love with Rachel, according to Genesis 29:18. Because of this intense love, Jacob agreed to work for seven years for Laban in return for Rachel’s hand in marriage.

Jacob discovered the morning after the wedding night that he had been deceived. He had been married to and spent the night with Leah rather than Rachel (Genesis 29: 25). Laban’s excuse was that his people’s tradition is to marry the oldest off first. Jacob was assured that he could have Rachel as his wife as well after his marriage week to Leah was completed for another seven years of labor. Jacob agreed and was then married to Rachel a week later. Rachel’s Barrenness Rachel remained barren while:

Rachel’s sister Leah produced four sons for Jacob
Rachel’s jealousy of her sister’s ability to produce children for Jacob caused her to give her servant Bilhah to Jacob to have children for her. Bilhah bore two sons to Jacob.
The conflict between Leah and Rachel caused Leah to give her servant Zilpah to Jacob to have two more sons when she realized that she was no longer having children herself.
Leah had two more sons and a daughter.

Rachel’s Final Days Finally, after many years Rachel bore Jacob two sons, Joseph, was mentioned in Genesis 30:22-24. Joseph was Jacob’s favorite son (Genesis 37:3). Though Rachel bore Jacob a second son, Benjamin, she also died during his birth.

You can read in Genesis, chapter 31, that after Joseph’s birth, Jacob took his family and left the area of Haran for his homeland of Canaan without announcing his departure to Laban expecting trouble from Laban. Upon leaving, Rachel stole her father’s false gods and hid them under her mattress. Laban soon caught up with them and demanded his gods. Jacob, not knowing that Rachel had them, permitted her father to search. Jacob pronounced a curse of death upon anyone that had them. Laban did not find them as Rachel was exempted from the search as she claimed to be unable to rise from her mattress because of her period.

However, it was not long after this occurrence that Jacob’s curse came true when Rachel died during the birth of Benjamin as revealed in Genesis 35:18. Genesis 35:19-20 tells us that Rachel died and was buried on the way to Bethlehem. Jacob set a pillar over her tomb that is still said to mark Rachel’s grave.

Elsewhere in the World

During this time on the Bible World History Chart the following events at various locations around the world are recorded:

Middle Kingdom of Egypt reestablished prosperity and stability. This brought about art, literature and building projects reappearing on the Egyptian scene. Military and political security, agricultural and mineral wealth, and religion all flourished during this period.
Hittites take over the area now covered by Turkey. The Hittites were considered members of the Bronze Age, but forerunners of the Iron Age.
Bronze to Iron Age – During this period making items of bronze seemed to be migrating into the Iron Age. The manufacture of artifacts from iron was noted. Iron became a very valuable commodity and was used to produce goods.
In Greece – In Greece, the Middle Helladic Period was in full swing. During this time, settlements drew closer together and gravitated toward hilltops. During this period rectilinear pottery was being influenced into curvilinear by the Minoans.
China – The first Chinese dynasty known as the Xia migrated into the Shang Dynasty around the 18^th century.

References:
https://www.biblegateway.com/resources/all-women-bible/Rachel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helladic_period
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xia_dynasty
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rachel#mediaviewer/File:Gottlieb-Rachela.jpg

Posted on June 4, 2014October 4, 2017 by Amy — Leave a comment

Huns

Referred to as nomadic people, the Huns have settled in the eastern part of Europe, as well as in Central Asia. They remained in these areas during the 1st to the 7th century where they located on the Bible Timeline Poster with World History. Moreover, they were said to have lived on the eastern coast of the Volga River, particularly in a place that was originally a portion of Scythia. The arrival of the Huns was largely due to the migration of the Scythian people or Alans toward the west.

Origins of the Huns

During the 18th century, scholars have established a link between the Xiongnu people near China and the Huns. However, some studies do not support the proposed link between the two since the Huns were known to have their own language and culture. During the Hunnic Empire, there were other languages that were spoken by the Huns. Such as the East Germanic or Gothic. According to historians, the Huns have prompted the Great Migration, which largely contributed to the fall of the Romans in the west. These nomads also established a strong and unified empire that was ruled by Attila. When he died, the empire fell apart, and its successors decided to occupy various parts of Central Asia and Eastern Europe from the 4th until the 6th century.

Historical Background

The Huns were primarily a Mongolian tribe that conquered some areas in the southeastern portion of Europe beginning 370 AD. They have come across other nomads during their explorations of new lands to conquer including the Visigoths and Ostrogoths. Nevertheless, they succeeded in dominating these groups of people, particularly during their encounters in the Danube that was a territory of the Roman Empire. In 451, these Asiatic warriors conquered Gaul, which served as the temporary center of the Huns’ civilization. While the Huns were considered as nomadic tribes, they were capable of establishing a distinct society. They even transformed the Danube frontier into a trading site where they obtained the finest wine and silk during fairs held annually. They also knew how to make good use of slaves that were captured and defeated in battles. For instance, these slaves were either sold for money or used for menial labor. The Huns also gave their contributions to European culture.

Their stunning artworks made of bronze including their fine jewelry gained popularity during their era. Their works of art were expressed in various forms such as bronze, which was used in crafting impressive vessels and cauldrons. Hunnic women were known for their enchanting pieces of jewelry such as their bracelets and necklaces. These items were embellished with precious jewels that added to their distinct and captivating appearance. Among the jewels commonly used at that time included the lapis, pyrite, pearls, and quartz. The designs and styles applied in these charming accessories were unlike any other, thus proving the creativity and artistry of the Huns. Indeed, the Huns left a legacy that was more than simply their brilliant military techniques. They also showed to the world their ingenuity in trading, art, and various aspects.

References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huns
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/hun_attila_the.shtml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hunnish_-_Bracelet_-_Walters_571082_-_Detail_Front.jpg

Posted on May 31, 2014October 4, 2017 by Amy — 65 Comments

Rome into 10 Parts, Division of West

Beginning the early parts of the 4th century, the emperors at Rome were already aware of the increasing weakness of the Western Roman Empire. By 330 AD, Constantine decided to move the capital of his empire to Byzantium, which was located in the eastern portion of the empire. While the empire was divided into the east and west, it still functioned as one.

Invasions of the Western Roman Empire

Slowly, the western portion of the Roman Empire was breaking up because of frequent invasions and lack of control by its rulers. When Odoacer became the new ruler in 476 AD, Anglo-Saxon invaders established a German kingdom in England. On the other hand, other tribes founded their own kingdoms in other parts of the empire with the Visigoths settling in Spain, Vandals in North Africa, the Franks in Gaul and the Ostrogoths in the Italian peninsula.

Division_of_West_Rome_into_10_Parts — ‘Division of the Roman Empire among the Caesars appointed by Constantine I: from left to right, the territories of Constantine II, Constans I, Dalmatius, and Constantius II. After the death of Constantine I (May 337), this was the formal division of the Empire until Dalmatius was killed and his territory divided between Constans and Constantius.’

‘Division of the Roman Empire among the Caesars appointed by Constantine I: from left to right, the territories of Constantine II, Constans I, Dalmatius, and Constantius II. After the death of Constantine I (May 337), this was the formal division of the Empire until Dalmatius was killed and his territory divided between Constans and Constantius.’

With the death of Attila the Hun in 453 AD, the Ostrogoths were finally free from these Mongolian invaders. This also gave them an opportunity to settle within the empire to the south and west part of the Danube. Theodoric became their ruler, and he led the march heading to the eastern Roman empire. The ruler of the Roman Empire in the East attempted to stop the Ostrogoths from entering his lands. So, he encouraged Theodoric to divert his attention to invading Italy.

The Roman emperor also suggested that the Ostrogoths should overthrow Odoacer, who has been Italy’s ruler since 476. Theodoric succeeded in his plans for invading Italy and defeating Odoacer, in 493 AD. Thus, he became the king of Italy while establishing a capital at Ravenna. During his reign, he was able to provide peace and prosperity to Italy. However, civil strife resumed when he died in 526 AD. Justinian, a Roman emperor, regained Italy in the 6th century and managed to maintain its progress for a few years.

Division of Western Rome

The Western Roman Empire was divided into ten parts by 351 to 476 AD where it is located on the Bible Timeline Poster with World History. This era in the history of the Roman Empire lasted for about 125 years, which was from the middle part of the 4th century and up to the last quarter of the 5th century.

By 476 AD, there was a final general agreement made regarding the different parts that made up Western Rome. At this period, the map of the empire underwent a significant change that was often abruptly made. There were also details about the paths of several aggressive nations that charged towards their territories and crossed or re-crossed each of these places for many times. Despite the confusion, historians have arrived at the conclusion that there were ten parts or kingdoms established in the division of West Rome.

The division was made possible by several nations that were largely instrumental in the collapse and breaking up of the Roman Empire. The groups that held Roman territories and formed their own kingdoms included the Franks, Huns, Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Heruli, Lombards, Anglo-Saxons, Suevi, Vandals, and Burgundians. Each of the kingdoms established were independent from each other unlike the method followed by the Roman Empire

References:
http://www.pbministries.org/Eschatology/end_times/endtimes_22.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Impero_Romano_da_maggio_a_settembre_337.png