Category: Biblical Figures
Who Were the Philistines?: Digging for Truth-Episode 45
Daniel-The Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries: Digging for Truth Episode 194
King Sennacherib of Assyria: Digging for Truth Episode 178
Erasing Moses: Digging for Truth Episode 63
Excavating the Evidence for Jesus: Digging for Truth Episode 175 (Part One)
King Jehu of Israel: Digging for Truth Episode 167
Jesus Christ and the Infallible Authority of Scripture (Part One)
Micah
Background
The prophet Micah was born in the town of Moresheth-Gath, an agricultural town in southern Judah. His name means “who is like God.” He was active between 742 and 687 BC during the overlapping reigns of Jotham and Ahaz, as well as Hezekiah. Which is where he is listed on the Biblical Timeline Poster. Most of the situations Micah wrote about occurred during the reigns of Jotham and Ahaz, but his prophecies were written during much of Hezekiah’s reign which may have brought about the religious reformation he initiated.
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He lived around the same time period as the prophets Hosea, Isaiah, and Amos. While Micah came from and prophesied in the country, Isaiah lived and prophesied in Jerusalem. Samaria was on the verge of collapse because of repeated invasions of the Neo-Assyrian army during the writing of the book of Micah and Judah itself was not doing very well during the reigns of Jotham and Ahaz.
The Book of Micah
The prophecies of Micah are divided into three parts:
- The condemnation against Samaria and Judah because of various sins the people committed.
- The future punishment for these negative actions, including the doom that the Assyrian armies will bring about.
- The hope for a restoration of Israel after their repentance.
Throughout the book, the condemnation, the punishment, and the hope for restoration repeatedly and consistently follow each other.
Condemnation:
Part I
- Accusations against Samaria and Jerusalem (1:2-5)
- Judgment against rich oppressors (2:1-5)
- Judgment against false prophets (2:6-11)
Part II
- Judgment against Israel’s oppressive and corrupt leaders who receive bribes; paid prophets (3:1-4; 8-11)
Part III
- Judgment against dishonest merchants and corrupt and violent wealthy people (6:10-12)
- Judgment against officials and judges who accept bribes and twist justice (7:1-6)
Punishment
Part I
- Destruction of Samaria, followed by Judah (1:6-7; v 9-16)
- Punishment for the wealthy oppressors (2:3-5)
- Eviction from their homes (2:10)
Part II
- Darkness and disgrace for false prophets (3:5-7); destruction of Jerusalem and Mount Zion (3:12)
Part III
- Economic ruin for dishonest merchants and rich yet corrupt people (6:13-15)
- Downfall of corrupt officials and judges (7:7-10)
Restoration
Part I
- Return from exile of those who were in captivity and restoration of those who remained in Israel (2:12-13)
Part II
- Restoration of Mount Zion, peace between the nations of the earth, and prosperity (4:1-5)
- Israel’s return from exile (4:6-8)
- The promise of a ruler from Bethlehem who will rescue the people from the Assyrians (5:2-6)
- Purification of the remnants of Israel (5:7-15)
Part III
- Forgiveness of sins and compassion on the people (7:14-20)
Holy Bible: New Living Translation. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1996
Picture By 18-century icon painter – Iconostasis of Transfiguration Church, Kizhi monastery, Karelia, north Russia, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3235604
Ezekiel
Background
Ezekiel, whose name means ‘God strengthens,’ was born in Jerusalem during a time of great upheavals caused by the invading Babylonian army. He can be found on the Biblical Timeline at the end of 600 BC. Ezekiel is introduced in the first chapter as ‘the priest, the son of Buzi’. He received one of his first fantastic visions of four-faced and winged creatures as well as ‘the appearance of the likeness of the glory of God’ while living in exile near the Kebar river in Babylon. His ministry started seven years before the final destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. and covered the events between 590 B.C. and 571 B.C. He was already working as a priest when he was captured and taken to Babylon in 597 B.C.
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Daniel and Ezekiel were roughly the same age, although Daniel was already established in his prophetic ministry in Babylon by the time Ezekiel arrived (Ezekiel 14:14 and 20, 28:3). Ezekiel was married, the death of his wife is recorded in Ezekiel 24:15-27.
The Book of Ezekiel
Destruction of Jerusalem
Ezekiel’s prophecies are divided into three parts:
- the condemnation of Judah and the total destruction of Jerusalem (chapters 1-24)
- the prophecies against foreign nations (25-39)
- the plans for rebuilding the new temple (40-48)
The first part consists of a series of prophecies concerning Judah. He was called by God to prophesy against the people by eating a scroll with laments written on it (2:8-10; 3:1-3). The prophecies of Ezekiel about the fall of Jerusalem were full of symbolism which included
* The drawing of a map of Jerusalem under siege on a clay tablet (4:1-3).
* Lying on his left side for 390 days for each year of Israel’s sins and 40 days on his right side for each year of Judah’s sins (4:4-8).
* The ration of bread baked with cow dung as fuel to symbolize scarcity and Israel’s impending captivity into the land of the Gentiles (4:9-17).
* The divine razor used by Ezekiel in cutting up his hair into three parts which symbolized the people who will die of famine and disease in the city, those killed outside the city walls, and those who will be scattered (5:1-13).
The last prophecies against Jerusalem can be read on the 24th chapter, while the 25th chapter up to the 32nd is series of messages against Judah’s neighbors. Those who received condemnation were the Ammonites, Moabites, Edomites, Philistines, the Phoenicians of Tyre and Sidon, and Egyptians.
Promise of Restoration
Ezekiel is not all gloom and doom. The last parts of his prophecies were promises of restoration. His fantastic vision of a valley full of dry bones connecting with each other and coming back to life is a symbol of hope for the people of Israel who will be freed from captivity and will return to Jerusalem in due time (37:1-14). He received a vision as early as the 14th year from the fall of Jerusalem (40:1) about God’s detailed plans for a new temple. Ezekiel also received instructions on the new borders and divisions of the land for each tribe. A sacred site will be allotted between Judah and Benjamin as the place where the new temple will stand. A river of healing will flow out from the temple to the Dead Sea.
Curtis, Adrian, and Herbert G. May. Oxford Bible Atlas. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007
https://bible.org/article/introduction-book-ezekiel
Picture By Distant Shores Media/Sweet Publishing, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18884417