Since the pharaoh, who appears alongside Moses in the Exodus story is nameless, we are left with our best guesses and detective work. One of the most recent guesses comes from a Jewish scholar working in Jerusalem. He suggests that the Pharaoh of the Exodus was none other than King Tutankhamen.
He finds two chronological clues in the Bible: 1) the Israelites worked with mud-brick, not stone (5:7-8); 2) the Israelites spent 430 years in Egypt (from Joseph to Moses) (Ex. 12:40). These events are listed on the Bible Timeline Chart.
PRO: A Building of Mud-Brick
Most building projects in Egypt (the pyramids and temples) involved stone-work. The one major mud-brick building project was the city of Akhetaten. Akhenaten built this city as a new religious center for the worship of one god, Aten.
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His new program of radical monotheism was not very popular among the Egyptian religious and political establishment. This meant he had to work quickly. The choice of mud-brick as the building material for this new city helped with that very short timeline. They completed the entire city in six years. Eight years later, Akhenaten died, and the city was evacuated.
Reference to Plagues
Since the pharaoh who built the city with Israelite labor died before the Exodus events (Ex. 2:23), his son Tutankhamen would then be the Pharaoh of the Exodus. In his article in the Jerusalem Post, you would think the Egyptian stela was talking directly about the Exodus. In talking about the stele, Rosenberg cites the following curses: 1) Hapi, god of the Nile, will make it undrinkable; 2) Kermit, goddess of fertility, will release her frogspawn; 3) Osiris, god of corn, will allow locusts to eat the grain; 4) Ra, the sun god, will refuse to shine.
CON – Plagues not actually listed
Unfortunately, things that look too good to be true usually are. The only thing the restoration stele of Tutankhamen says is that the gods turned their back on the land. It does not give any specifics about curses. It does not even mention the specific gods by name. It is Rosenberg, who took the plagues recorded in the Exodus and linked them with specific Egyptian deities.
Question of Dates
The Hyksos from 1720 – 1550 BC
Rosenberg also makes a follow-up point. He points to the Hyksos, a Semitic people group. They entered Egypt in large numbers around 1750 BC. They became so dominant that they ruled Egypt for close to 200 years (1720-1550 BC). Josephus was a Jewish historian and a contemporary of Jesus. He thought that the Israelites entered Egypt with this group.
Remember the high position Joseph held in the Egyptian government? This made perfect sense during this period of Semitic rule in Egypt. This was followed by a stark shift in power between the 15th and 18th dynasty. The Semites lost power whereas the native Egyptians regained it. Could this help explain the shift in attitude on the part of the Egyptian government towards Israel? Israel thrives as a minority under Joseph. But the Pharaoh “who did not know Joseph” turns them into an oppressed minority. Rosenberg points out that Jews and Christians alike ignore the specific information on Israel’s time in Egypt (Exodus 12:40). Even the Amazing Bible Timeline follows Bishop Ussher in assigning 130 years to this period rather than 430. His dates restore this original figure.
The City and Pharoahs Ramses
But there is good reason Rosenberg is practically alone in arguing for King Tut as the Pharaoh of the Exodus. He ignores the two primary pieces of evidence that most commentators cite. One is a chronological note in 1 Kings 6:1. The second is the reference to the city Rameses.
Most Christian and secular scholars today base their arguments on the city of Rameses. Ramses is a personal name meaning “son of Ra.” 11 different pharaohs bore this name. They ruled between the 13th and 12th centuries BC. Regardless of the identification of this city, it should be one named after one of these kings. Not only that, there happens to be a city called Per-Ramessu (Pi-Ramesse). It happens to be located in the Nile Delta, where the Bible situates it. It was also built with slave labor. The name of these slave laborers was the ʿApiru’. Many scholars connect this word with the Hebrew word for “Hebrews.” It was Ramses II who orchestrated this building project. This city functioned as the seat of Egyptian power throughout the 19th and 20th dynasties. Moses does make a reference in Genesis to Joseph living in “the land of Rameses.” But one can easily explain this as a reference to the area Moses knew by this later name.
A Difference in Spelling?
Critics of this position argue that there is no reason to identify Rameses the city with the pharaoh’s name Ramses. Their main argument is that the two names are spelled differently, Raamses as opposed to Ramesses. This is a difficult position as the Bible only mentions the place Rameses and not the pharaoh. The Hebrew contains the letters resh-ayin-mem-samekh-samekh (rʿmss). The Egyptian uses the letters r-ayin-m-s2-w (rʿmśśw). The final /w/ indicates the vowel u and Hebrew lost all final short vowels. But this is the crux of the rebuttal.
There is another group of scholars who emphasize a different piece of evidence. They focus on 1 Kings 6:1. It states that Solomon broke ground on the Temple in Jerusalem 480 years after the Exodus. Scholars vary in the dates they assign the temple construction. Recent scholars have placed the date as low as 958 BC. The Amazing Bible Timeline gives a date of 1011 BC for this event. Adding 480 years would place the Exodus at the beginning of the 15th century BC. This corresponds to the 18th dynasty of Egypt. These two pieces of evidence were easy to reconcile for scholars in the 17th century like Bishop Ussher. The Greek histories of Egypt easily placed Ramses II in the 15th century. Archeological excavations in the 19th and 20th centuries changed all that. We now have direct access to the Egyptian language and thousands of Egyptian texts.
Possible Reconciliation of View Points
Critics of this position point to a number of concerns. The number 480 is a very round number. It corresponds to 12 generations of 40 years. The authors of the Biblical text were not saying 480 years exactly. Rather they were using a standard number to indicate 12 generations. Adjusting the length of a generation still preserves the integrity of the Biblical text. Another way to do it is to add up the years given for events from the Exodus to the temple. This method produces a period of 510 years plus 3 periods of unknown length. This suggests that these events may overlap in ways the Bible does not bother explaining.
Wherever we locate the events of the Exodus, they clearly had a significant impact on how Israelites viewed themselves. It was also central to their view of God.
What do you think? Was King Tut the Pharaoh of the Exodus? Comment below.
Argument for 15th century Moses from a Professor at Moody Bible Institute
https://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/ted_hildebrandt/otesources/02-exodus/text/articles/dyer-dateexodus-bsac.htm
Argument for Tutankhamen (14th century) as Pharaoh of Exodus
http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-Ed-Contributors/The-Exodus-enigma-307623
http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-Ed-Contributors/The-Exodus-Does-archaeology-have-a-say-348464
http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Who-was-the-pharaoh-of-the-Exodus-395885
Argument for 13th century Moses and Response to Rosenberg from a Professor at a Baptist Bible College
http://claudemariottini.com/2014/04/17/was-king-tut-the-pharaoh-of-the-exodus/
“Mummy of Tutankhamun” by Howard Carter – http://www.magicmakers.com/egyptsite/mummy.jpg. Licensed under Public Domain via Commons – https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mummy_of_Tutankhamun.jpg#/media/File:Mummy_of_Tutankhamun.jpg
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Tut seems to be Moses son. Moses left Egypt and then returned. Maybe the Pharoah that he fought with was his step-brother and Tut’s mother might have been under hypnotic influence of her father to kill Moses first born so her own father who eventually married Tut’s distressed wife orchestrated the posioning of her son and his grandson ti gain control and then killed Tut’s wife once he became ruler. If so, Tut’s mom would have been Miriam who eventually escaped with Moses second return but Tut would have already been murdered at that point. Might explain why Neferti’s mummy was never found.
Moses monotheism would have been seen as Sun god to Egyptians but to Isralites it was just the one God.
Also, I ponder why the world finds it ok to remove burial site artifacts and not except anger of the spirits from some of the greatest rulers of our entire history.
Finally, there are many similarities in the Gospels that were most likely written by educated women of Egypt. Wrapping Jesus in linen, preparing the body and placing it in a tomb..lol
Jesus might have been reincarnation of Tut and like Tut he was murdered because of greed.
Also seems the world has seen rapid changes since Tut’s tomb was raided by archeologists in the early 1900s..
Jews have dated mankind to 5777 but they have no clue how long Adam slept while Eve was created. 30 minutes in God’s time would be 41.666 years in man’s time.
We know understand how DNA is taken from bone and Jesus did say his creator was from above, maybe 7 inches up where the rib bone is lying compared to dust of Earth.
I could completely off on some of my hypothetical thoughts but only cause I am restricted to looking a pictures in pieces on Net and in books.
I know that even little kids understand to respect the cemetery but we as a world justified the removing of very personal items based on strong beliefs in the name of science.
There is no “God’s time.”
God created time as an integral element of this universe.
He is outside of his creation and not subject to it.
WOW! Way to go in describing our God… puts it in whole new perspective
My high school art teacher was one of the people who helped organize the Ramses The Great exhibit in the 1980s (I’m in Memphis, Tn. My art teacher had her master’s from U of M in Egyptology). While they were in Egypt an obelisk was discovered detailing the plagues. She saw it with her own two eyes. The Egyptian government came in and covered it all up much to their surprise. It’s all true. Everything about Moses and the plagues is true.
My high school art teacher was on the team of historians and archeologists who organized the Ramses the Great exhibit in the 1980’s. (She received her graduate degree in Egyptology from the U of M in Memphis, Tn). While there, they studied an huge obelisk that had been uncovered detailing the plagues. Much to their surprise and dismay, the Egyptian government came in, took over and covered it all up. It’s all true. Everything about Moses and the plagues is true. I will never forget what happened.
The Hebrews attacked Jhericho in about 1400 BC killed 1200 people
Which is around King TUTS timeline. Tut had a broken leg maybe from. Chasing Moses out into the desert fighting him.
The Hebrews were not slaves but the followers of Akhenaten who laboured to build his new city and temples for the revolutionary monotheist religion he imposed on Egypt.
Moses was an adopted son/son-in-law who was a believer in the one god religion of Akhenaten.
Upon Akhenaten’s death, Tutankhamun seized power and returned Egypt to yhe old polytheist practices.
Tutankhamun ruthlessly persecuted the monotheists.
The monotheists, followed Moses when he fled from Egypt.
The pharoah of the Exodus was not named because Tutankhamun effectively expunged Akhenaten from historical record and ruled for only a short time himself and was basically forgotten. By the time Exodus was written down, nobody would have recognised the name, even if it was remembered.
This puts the Exodus at around 1341 BCE to 1323 BCE.
I ask the question: Could the young King Tut be the firstborn of Pharaoh that died in the 10th plague?
Agree: I have always thought that King Tut was the firstborn of Pharaoh that died in the 10th plague.
I too believe Tut to be the first born of the pharaoh that died. But I think maybe Tut wasn’t king at all but a crowned Prince, perhaps crowned Prince names were also put in cartouche to show they would be King. And The one god King Akhenaten worshipped was God , not the sun, didn’t the Pharaoh of the exodus admit in the end Moses God was God; and even today religious pic show the sun and nature to show God’s wonders, so couldn’t it be when Akhenaten is shown with his arms raised to the sun he is only showing he worships God. I am no expert but read the Bible and watch evry thing I can on ancient Egypt. Just my belief .
If i’m not mistaken, I believe the Bible tells us that the Pharaoh came out with his Army against the fleeing Israelites. Also, that the sea covered the Egyptian Army ‘including’ with the Pharaoh ! Consequently, there would be No Mummy to bury of the Pharaoh that came against Moses ! Unless there was some sort of PR campaign and a fake corpse to tell the Egyptians of another Victory !
The Bible speaks of Pharaoh’s army, not the ruler himself.
Me again, I should have added, being drowned in the Red Sea, only the army did, not the ruler.
Please cross-reference with Exodus 14 with Exodus 15:19. “The horse of Pharaoh went in with his chariots….” I think we can rather safely assume that if Pharaoh’s horse (singular) went into the Red Sea that he was likely riding the horse as it would have been very curious for Pharaoh to have dismounted his horse and sent it riderless into the Red Sea.
King Tut died about 20 and had to be mummified in a hurry. His body had serious injuries that could have been sustained by a fall from his chariot. Did he try to prove himself by going on a fools errand in revenge? His effects from his tomb indicate that he participated in battles and the God of his father was nothing like the biblical one who in nature was closer to Amun.
The name of the pharaoh is not there but the name of the minister of the exodus king is mentioned as Haman; The chief vizier of the pharaoh, in the Quran. This is a vital clue to be considered.
If King Tut was the pharaoh of the exodus then who was his son? King Ahkenaten his father would have had to resigned from kingship giving his young son the power of ruler ship. King Tut was too young to have children he wasn’t more than fourteen.
I would believe that Ahkenaten was the Pharoah of the exodus, and he did have a son, but that son being of ruling age died from the plagues. Leaving his second son the next in line. Assuming that Tutankamen was significantly younger than his elsest brother, perhaps King Ahkenaten died from the after math of the plagues, or his own failures, or sheer sadness could have caused him an early death leaving King Tut to reign.
Maybe King Tut was not the one who enslaved the Jews, or who caused G-d to act forcefully, but he was the King who let them go. Perhaps his innocence caused him to see that power was inferior to love and kindness after the death of his father and brother?
It is also likely that the Pharoah conducted unlawful sexual acts on the slaves, so Miriam could have been his mother. But we must also take into consideration that not only the Jews left, scholars, and clergy against the King left too and could they have taken their wives. Moses Egyptian mother left Egypt too.
So while Miriam may have been the mother of King Tut, Nefertiti was the adoptive mother of Moses.
King Tut would have to not be the first born son of Ahkenaten in order for such to be plausible. Tut was the one who was left after the plagues took his family. And If indeed he was the one who let the Jews go, it would have been planned such by G-d. If he were Miriam’s son he would be Jewish first, before he was Egyptian. So wouldn’t that make him a Jewish Pharaoh?
And to further him as the King who let the Jews go perhaps his sudden early death was a result of not only his parentage, but his unpopularity in parliament, perhaps his parliment favored his father’s rulership of Tut and they went after the Jews to bring them back. Perhaps Tut continued to reign over the people that was unfavorable to them causing for his assassination. He was a young boy so it could have been easy to coax him into poisoning himself. He was young so he was an easy target.
I think that Tut was one of the son’s of Joseph and his love affairs. Joseph had all the rights of kingship, and he didnt leave Egypt, and his two sons inherited his birth right making it thirteen tribes instead of twelve. So it would have made sense for Joseph’s son to become King especially if his mother was a princess. Joseph would have royalty rights as a consort, but if Tut was his son and the son one of the Princesses, perhaps King Tut rose to power only because everyone else older than him died from the plagues. He may not have been the immediate blood line but he was the only oldest bloodline left.
The scripture says about how the eleven brothers betrayed Joseph, but how about how Joseph betrayed his people. He turned his back on them when he sided with the Egyptian Parliament, and G-d punished him. Joseph was an Egyptian King,
Moses and Ahkenaten were both Princes of Egypt but they were not brothers. They were raised like brothers but they were more like cousins. Joseph also predicted the plagues, after analizing the Pharaoh’s dreams which would mean that Joseph was either co leader with Ahkenaten or Ahkenaten’s father and the scripture tells us that the Pharaohs concern was real so, when he died and his arrogant son became King he brushed of Joseph’s prophecy, and did away with Joseph.
The scripture also tells us that the Jews left Canaan because of famine there but what Joseph describes in plague and famine in Egypt. Because he talks about Pharoah’s crops not the crops and livestock in Canaan.
Joseph must have had Tut with one Pharaoh’s sisters, but Tut was sparred the plague because he was not Joseph’s oldest son. Ahkenaten was the son of the Pharaoh who ruled with Joseph. Moses was Ahkenaten’s cousin, and Moses may have been Tut’s adoptive brother. Moses had the same consort rights and Joseph. As such Tut became King not because King not because he was Ahkenaten’s son but because everyone in line before him was either dead or female.
After the last plague King Tut would have just rose to power, and let the Israelites go, and when the Egyptian Army came after the Israelites it was again King Tut’s order.
Jacob and his family were brought to Egypt 430 years before any of this took place.
No, I do not believe that Tut was the pharaoh of the Exodus. According to your own Amazing Bible Timeline, the Exodus happened around 1451 BC. Traditional Egyptian chronology places King Tut between approximately 1332 BC and 1323 BC. This is a large discrepancy that requires us to STRETCH Egyptian chronology to match the dates, yet traditional Egyptian chronology based on the priest Manetho’s accounting of the Egyptian king’s list raises too many questions when compared to (1) Scripture, (2) Assyrian, and (3) Babylonian chronologies, which indicate that Egyptian chronology should actually be revised and REDUCED. I’ve seen other more credible suggestions (to my mind) such as Neferhotep I, with the possibility of Sesostris I being the pharaoh of Joseph. Sesostris had a vizier named Mentuhotep who had the kind of power that Joseph had as the second-in-command.
Secular scholars of the Bible, such as the aforementioned Rosenberg, are quite at a loss to describe an accurate timeline of the Israelite’s dwelling and subsequent enslavement in Egypt, as long as they fail to consider the actual Biblical accounts, compared to the known secular, historical timelines.
Rosenberg and others who may agree with him are apparently ignorant of several versus of the Written Law (the 5 Books of Moses), as well as information easily gleaned from the Oral law, also given to Moses at Sinai, which further explicate these historical events. The fact that this article quotes a Jewish scholar writing in the Jerusalem Post merely underscores the fact that secular scholars, regardless of their religious heritage, are simply grasping at straws, pinning their “guesses” on sundry historical events or coincidences, while they ignore the actual Biblical accounts which are at their fingertips, if they would care to access them.
The correct timeline of the Israelite’s sojourn in Egypt and the monarchies of the various pharaohs is as follows: According to the 5 books of Moses, Abraham was told through prophecy at the “covenant between the pieces” (of sacrificed animals) that his descendants would be enslaved in a land that “does not belong to them” for 400 years. It states this explicitly in Genesis 15:13. However, that time period of 400 years was actually counted from the birth of Isaac, the second of the Patriarchs. since both he and his son Jacob, the third Patriarch, dwelled among the Philistines, and it was, therefore, considered part of the prophetic decree–being technically in a “foreign” land that did not belong to them. The apparent discrepancy between this verse and Exodus 12:40 which states that the Israelites were in Egypt 430 years is explained by the fact that Isaac was not born until 30 years following the “covenant between the pieces” and that period of 30 years is also reckoned by the latter verse to be part of the exile, in so much as it began immediately after the decree, and Abraham also lived among the Philistines.
Thus, the actual time spent in Egypt by Jacob and his descendants was only 210 years. This commenced 220 years after the covenant referenced above, which encompassed 105 years of Abrahams life (he was 70 at the time of the covenant and lived to 175), Isaac’s life of 105 years following the death of Abraham (Isaac lived to 180 and was born when Abraham was 100; 75 + 105= 180) and ten years of Jacob’s life after the passing of Isaac when Jacob was 130 years old and went down to Egypt (Exodus 47:9). (He was born when Isaac was 60, 15 years prior to Abraham’s death (15 + 105 years of Isaac after Abraham’s death mentioned above + 10 years of Jacob’s life after Isaac’s passing = 130).
This period of 210 years is clearly alluded to in the Passover Haggadah which Jews read annually, commemorating the Exodus. The Jews wandered in the desert after their exodus for 40 years. The period of the Judges which ensued upon their arrival under Joshua’s leadership to the Promised land lasted 355 years. King Saul ruled for only 2 years, and the first anointed King of Israel, David, ruled 47 years until his son Solomon gained the throne and built the first Temple. The two Holy Temples which were built in Jerusalem lasted a total of 810 years until the destruction of the second Temple in 70 CE.
Working backwards from 70 CE we have total of approximately1464 years to the time the Israelites first entered Egypt. (810 + 47 + 2 + 355+ 40 + 210). 70 CE plus 1464 years, going backward in time, leads us to the year 1394 BCE. That was approximately 62 years before the rule of King Tut began, which means the Israelites entered Egypt significantly prior to his reign, but also dwelled in Egypt during his reign. However, the actual enslavement of the Israelites, although they dwelled in Egypt for 210, years was only 116 years. The Israelites lived prosperously in Egypt up until shortly after the last of Jacob’s sons—Levi, who lived for 137 years—died. Levi was 43 when his father, Jacob, brought his entire family of 70 souls to Egypt to escape the famine-riddled Canaan. That leaves 116 years of slavery, after the death of Levi, before they were liberated and a total of 210 years in Egypt. (137 – 43 equals 94 years of Levi’s life spent in Egypt. 94 plus 116 years of actual slavery, following his death, equals the 210 years spent by the Israelites in Egypt).
However, what comes out of this computation is that the actual slavery of the Israelites began 94 years after descending there, which means it began 22 years after Tut reigned. (62 + 10 years of Tut’s reign +22 = 94).
Why did the actual slavery not begin until the death of the last of the sons of Jacob–the heads of the 12 tribes of Israel? The merit of their righteousness protected the Israelites from the decree of slavery in Egypt, just as the merit of the Patriarchs protected the Jewish people and allowed that the sojourning in a “strange land” was considered to have begun while they were still in Canaan, living amongst the Philistines.
In any event, this little historical and theological note aside, getting back to our main point– the actual enslavement of the Jewish People would not have begun until the year 1300 BCE, twenty-two years following Tut’s demise (62 years prior to his rule + 10 years of his rule +22 years = 94), and their exodus 116 years later would have occurred in 1184 BCE. This would have been during the time of the rule of Ramses III who ruled from 1184–1153 B.C. Many secular historians claim that the Pharaoh Ramses II, who ruled from 1279–1213 B.C. was the ruler who enslaved the Israelites, and this would be consistent with the above computations since the 116 years prior to their exodus would have encompassed the 66 years of his reign.
Michael you started out so well and then started rejecting Scripture. I take it you don’t mean to reject Scripture by what you stated previously in this post. It is plain by Paul in Acts 13:21, that the true number of years served as King by Saul was 40 years. (David and Solomon also each served as Kings 40 years each.) There are those who try to say this verse in Acts included Samuel’s years but this is not how the text reads in its simplest form. Indeed the 400 and 430 year periods ended at the Exodus and they were only in Egypt 210 years. Even the Jews have this one correct.
So the text concerning Saul which you speak of is in 1 Samuel 13:1 as you stated and should be translated as: A son of a year is Saul in his reigning, yea, two years he has reigned over Israel. A son of a year simply means to be in the 2nd year just as to be a year old is to be in the 2nd year of life. A person is not one until they have lived a full year. Obviously this is not telling us Saul’s age, and obviously he is not stating how long in total that he reigned. Ciphers, of which this is one, is to mislead and confound the critic, and to renew the faith of the faithful in Scripture. There are many Ciphers in the Scriptures and they always serve the purpose of revealing truth to those with eyes to see and ears to hear. That is why Jesus spoke in Parables. Don’t think that Paul didn’t know his history. Verse 3 gives a clue why it this 2nd year information is important. The trumpet was blown throughout the land…..this is jubilee language……meaning it was a year of jubilee. See Leviticus 25:9. So this is extremely helpful in determining if one has a correct chronology. If a chronology doesnt synchronize a jubilee year with the 2nd year of Saul then the chronology must be rejected. This is not the only Jubilee year text in Scripture. There is also texts referring to Sabbatical years that must align. Unfortunately, most all Chronologists and Historians of Scripture follow after Edwin Thiele’s timeline. So one must not only add in 52 years that Thiele has taken from the Kings timeline but we must also add in another 134 years in the period of the Judges in which Israel was in captivity (‘Slaves of Egypt’). See Ex 1:3, 14, 20:2, Deut. 5:6, 6:12, 8:14, 13:5 and 10, Joshua 24:17, Jud. 6:8. When Israel served other nations then they were slaves. See Judges 3:8 as an example of the first Captivity before they were delivered by Othniel. The served Cushan-rishathaim 8 years. They were not independent while they were in captivity. This is the key to 1 kings 6:1. They do all kinds of biblical gymnastics with this verse. It is a cipher, the key being ‘out of the house of slaves’. They were again in bondage by other nations for a total of 134 years with various gaps of independence to serve God which of course totaled the 480 years. So again they were only independent for 480 years in which they were free to serve God and celebrate Passover. This establishes the Exodus as occurring in 1632 BC. The ” Scholars” are way off and are looking for evidence in the wrong age. There is no way of getting the Pharaohs of Moses’ timeline correct without a proper chronology. This date of 1632 BC perfectly synchronizes Jubilee and Sabbatical texts in the scripture including of course the 2nd year of Saul as a Jubilee year. It is also confirmed with the proper understanding of Dan. 9 which gives us the proper year for Jesus’ death and resurrection which was in 34 AD. Dying on a Wed and Resurrected on the Sabbath just before the daylight of the Sabbath was to occur. This is another tradition most of Christianity has wrong…..that of a Sunday resurrection. And the Resurrection verses should read First of the Sabbaths NOT First day of the Week. The word σαββάτων
(sabbatōn) is NEVER translated as Week….to their shame. It also allows us to determine who the Pharaoh’s were that opposed Moses
I know a lot of people reject much of the Scriptures with numbers because they believe that the even numbers are suspicious. Such as Saul, David, and Solomon reigning 40 years each. The 480 number in 1 kings 6:1….. raining 40 days and 40 nights, Jesus in the wilderness for 40 days, Israel in the wilderness for 40 years, and so many more. So 40 seems be bothersome to “Scholars” since he was 80 when he returned to Egypt to demand that Pharaoh release the Hebrews (Ex. 7:7), and 120 when he died (Deut. 34:7). Thus the life of Moses is neatly divided into three distinct periods lasting 40 years each: 40 years as a prince of Egypt; 40 years as a shepherd in Midian; and 40 years as Lawgiver and leader of his people. Forty is a recurring number in both the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, as well as in the New Testament. Many “scholars” feel that it was used to indicate an indeterminate number of years (or days, as in the Flood narrative). But guess what….. God is in control of all these events and how long they last. If someone is going to believe the Scriptures then I believe they should ACT like they believe them. This changing of numbers like “Scholars” do ..virtually guessing adding and subtracting numbers where they see fit, just destroys the glorious timeline of the Scriptures which God has given us and we do have everything we need to know the year of the World which is 6161 in 2022.
King Tut was not even close to the time of the Exodus, nor was it Ramses. No, the Hyksos Kings controlled Egypt at this time.
Tradition (so many are imprisoned by traditions) would tell us this was a couple of the magicians that duplicated some of the plagues that God sent on Egypt. This would be highly unlikely as they were only a small part of the story. The Scriptures don’t preserve these names for the magicians of a Pharaoh, nor does any source contemporary to the time of the Exodus. Yes, the magicians did oppose Moses but they also tried to convince the Pharaoh to let the people go as they could see God was truly involved. See Ex. 8:18,19 (This is the finger of God). Who were the real characters that opposed Moses when he was born, as he mingled with the Egyptians, as well as the entire Plagues ordeal. The two of the Pharaohs were Moses’ chief opposition. Paul gives us their names as he knew them. It is stated in 2 Timothy 3: 8-9: 8: And just as (Khayan)(Iannis, Jannes) and (Sheshi) ( Iambre, Jambres) opposed Moses (Mōshēh), so these men also oppose the truth, men of depraved mind, rejected as regards the faith. 9 But they will not make further progress, because their folly will be obvious to all, as also that of those men came to be. Almost all translations state their names as Jannes and Jambres. There are a few that are different such as:
Bishops’ Bible of 1568
For as Iannes and Iambres withstoode Moyses, so do these also resist the trueth: Men of corrupt myndes, reprobate concernyng the fayth:…
Coverdale Bible of 1535
But like as Iamnes and Iabres withstode Moses,…
Tyndale Bible of 1526
As Iannes and Iambres withstode Moses…
We know them to be the Pharaohs Yanassi and Sheshi. They were Hyksos Kings. Khayan (Father of Yanassi) was to blame for the policy of throwing baby boys in the Nile. He was the King that came to power that did not acknowledge Joseph. After him Yanassi ruled and was the ruler when Moses fled to Midian. When Moses returned to Egypt Sheshi was Pharaoh. Sheshi’s son was Nehesy II. He is never known to have ruled. (died in the 10th plague)
Here are some links with some information on these Pharaohs. I don’t agree with much of what is stated in these links, but they do at least given some reference to the names by which Paul knew them. He could have known, and probably did, their other names as well but the Spirit may have inspired him to write it this way as a protection of the truth.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanassi
” Salitis, Bnon, Apachnan, Iannas, Archles/Assis, and Apophis. Apachnan is generally understood to be the Hellenized name of Khyan, while Iannas (Ancient Greek: Iαννας) would best be understood as a corruption of that of Yanassi”,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheshi
” If Sheshi is to be identified with Salitis, the founder of the 15th Dynasty, according to Manetho, then he would have lived around 1650 BC, the date agreed upon by most Egyptologists, including Ryholt, for the arrival of the Hyksos in Egypt.[88][89][90][91][92]”
“son of Sheshi and Tati was Nehesy, whose name means “The Nubian”, whom he believes succeeded Sheshi to the throne as the pharaoh Nehesy Aasehre.”
“The nomen of Sheshi[note 4] is inscribed on over two hundred scarab seals, which constitute the sole attestations of his reign. The number of scarabs attributed to Sheshi is paralleled in number only by those bearing the prenomen Maaibre,[9] meaning “The righteous one is the heart of Ra”.[7] Based on the close stylistic similarities between both groups of scarabs as well as their otherwise unmatched numbers,[10] the consensus among Egyptologists is that Maaibre was the prenomen of Sheshi.[8][9][11]. Consequently, Maaibre Sheshi is the best attested ruler of the Second Intermediate Period in terms of the number of artefacts attributed to him,”
https://gnosticwarrior.com/khyan.html
https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jambres.html
We do not know how long Sheshi rules so the figure of how long he ruled was computed from total of all the Hyksos Kings who ruled from 1755-1561. Josephus states that their were 6 Hyksos Kings. Sometimes Josephus can be trust and sometimes he can’t. Salatis (1755-1743), Khyan ( 1742-1699), Yanassi (1698-1649), Sheshi (1648-1632) , Apophis (1631-1572) , Khamudi (1571-1561). Info for Salatis, Khyan, Yanassi, Apepi, comes from Josephus. Khamudy fro the Rhind Papyrus and Sheshi was computed. The total of the Dynasty is inferred from sychronisms and the end of the 12th Dynasty. The Hyksos, on biblical grounds, took over after Joseph and his brothers died. Levi died in 1748 BC. The length of Sheshi could be a little longer or shorter but there are some pretty strict limits due to other synchronisms. Egyptologists, of course, have MANY different theories of this period, but they are handicapped without the constraints that can be supplied by a true biblical chronology. Christians professing to believe in the bible, have their own issues to deal with and have been completely devastated in attempts to come to a true reckoning of Egyptian history in relation to the bible. This has happened NOT because they are capable of discovering an accurate biblical chronology, but because they have adopted a radically false chronology. It professes to keep the biblical data, but indeed contradicts it. In 1632 BC the Hyksos domains were devastated by the 10 plagues. For some years they were able to hang onto all of Egypt but then they lost south Egypt. Apepi lost Memphis also to the new 17th Dynasty. There is so much more, but I will end here. Hopefully some will see and hear truth, but sadly, most will reject this. Blessings from the true King of Kings….. Jesus Christ
wow that was well said i my self think that Ramses 1 is the pharaoh who died in the RED SEA reined less than 2 years had no royal blood i had Amenhotep 111 who was the pharaoh who did not know JOSEPH who had the mid wives kill the first born because the first born then toss in to the nile first born male are the leaders who can rebel after all he built his palace of the dazzling Aten with mud bricks very quickly .after his father died SETI 1 set out to confront moses but he didnt find them so he conqured the amorites he must of heard of chariots and weapons coming up on the shore of the gulf of Aqaba so he made a fleet to recover them plus canals my pharoahs daughter who rescued moses was Amenhotep 111 daughter citra Doug now you opened my eyes thank you
No one thought to research tuts childern 1 child premie 5 mon early died still born (female) 1other child full term but died at birth as well also (female). Remeber Exodus, remeber this (That night, God sent the angel of death to kill the firstborn sons of the Egyptians).the kings son died that nite. guess what tut had no sons. Only 2 daughters that did not survive birth. So again tut (NOT)the pharaoh of the Exodus. (and he back he takes the shot swish).