Also known as the Hopewell tradition and is listed on the Bible Timeline Poster around 500 AD but began as early as 200 BC. This depicts different features of the culture of Native Americans in the United States, specifically in the midwestern and northeastern parts. This tradition was practiced in several societies instead of being focused only in one area. Those that adopted this culture were connected by trade routes referred to as the Exchange System. These routes extend from the southeastern parts of the United States. They would go as far as the Crystal River Indian Mounds and right into the north on the Canadian shores.
Insights on the Hopewell Culture
Trading is performed in the Hopewell Exchange System. Several items were traded including exotic materials that these were used by the people involved in the manufacturing and trading industry. After receiving these materials, the items were turned into products to be exported. In fact, these goods were brought to various parts of the United States.
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The culture began in the western parts of New York which eventually spread into Ohio. However, there were claims that the Hopewell culture began in western Illinois. Initially, it was Warren Moorehead who first used the term Hopewell after he conducted explorations in Ross County, in Ohio. He studied the mound group in this area, and the group got its name from the family that once owned earthworks there.
According to historians, the Hopewell population displayed a high sense of social stability. They also specialized in using their resources to meet the needs of the growing population. The people also performed certain practices such as the cremation of deceased individuals. Graves that had more amounts of status goods and elaborate designs were regarded as having a higher ranking, which is particular among the hunters.
As for the rulers of the Hopewellian people, these were not the typical powerful and commanding authorities who only lead soldiers and slaves. Instead, these are individuals who possessed a high level of leadership skills and mastered the art of persuasion, particularly around religion and trade.
Legacy
The intricate, yet interesting artwork of the Hopewell population was one of their greatest legacies. In fact, these are considered as some of the finest artwork discovered in America. Their craftwork also possessed some significance in terms of religion, and it was typical for the graves of deceased Hopewellian to be embellished with necklaces, fine ceremonial pottery, pendants and fascinating carvings from wood or bone. There were also woven mats and stones that lined the graves.
The people were creative and resourceful. They transformed regular materials such as seashells, copper, Grizzly bear teeth, and shark’s teeth into lovely crafts. The artisans were also excellent carvers, and their mortuary mounds usually include carved pipes and statues.
The Hopewell population was considered an expert in artwork and trading. They possessed brilliant qualities and skills that enabled them to flourish as a strong society for many years.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopewell_tradition
http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Hopewell_Culture?rec=1283
http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-133282/Early-North-American-farmers-east-of-the-Mississippi-River-are
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